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. 2020 Aug 19;18(2):973-992.
doi: 10.1007/s40201-020-00520-w. eCollection 2020 Dec.

Ceramic membrane-based ultrafiltration combined with adsorption by waste derived biochar for textile effluent treatment and management of spent biochar

Bhaskar Santra  1   2 , Lata Ramrakhiani  1 , Susmita Kar  1   2 , Sourja Ghosh  1   2 , Swachchha Majumdar  1
Affiliations

Ceramic membrane-based ultrafiltration combined with adsorption by waste derived biochar for textile effluent treatment and management of spent biochar

Bhaskar Santra et al. J Environ Health Sci Eng. .

Abstract

Purpose: Effluents produced in the textile industries are important sources of water pollution due to the presence of toxic dyes, auxiliary chemicals, organic substances etc. Recycling of such industrial wastewater is one major aspect of sustainable water management; hence present study is focused on an eco-friendly process development for reclamation of higher loading textile wastewater.

Method: Industrial effluent samples with varying loading were collected from textile processing units located in and around Kolkata city. Vegetable waste collected from local market was utilized to prepare an efficient biochar for elimination of the recalcitrant dyes. Prior to adsorption, ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) process was used for reduction of the organic loading and other suspended and dissolved components.

Results: A remarkably high BET surface area of 1216 m2g-1 and enhanced pore volume of 1.139 cm3g-1 was observed for biochar. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained from the Langmuir isotherm was about 300 mg.g-1. The combined process facilitated >99% removal of dyes and 77-80% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the various samples of effluent. The treated effluent was found suitable to discharge or reuse in other purposes. About 95% of dye recovery was achieved during biochar regeneration with acetone solution. The dye loaded spent biochar was composted with dry leaves and garden soil as bulking agent. Prepared compost could achieve the recommended parameters with high nutritional value after 45 days.

Conclusions: The overall study showed potential of the proposed process towards treatment of toxic dye loaded textile effluent in an environment friendly and sustainable approach.

Keywords: Carbonaceous biochar; Inorganic membrane; Sustainable waste management; Textile industrial wastewater; Vegetable waste resource.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interestOn behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic of combined process involving ceramic UF membrane and adsorption for textile effluent treatment
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
a BET isotherm, b pore size distribution curve of prepared biochar estimated from the BJH method, c FTIR spectra of dry vegetable waste, prepared biochar (WAC) before and after adsorption, d XRD spectra of dry vegetable waste, prepared biochar (WAC) before and after biosorption, f Raman spectra of prepared biochar, f zeta potential plot of prepared biochar and dye loaded biochar g) FESEM imaged of prepared biochar before adsorption, h FESEM imaged of prepared biochar after adsorption and i) TEM imaged of prepared biochar
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
XPS spectra of prepared biochar. a wide scan spectra of control biochar, b wide scan spectra of dye loaded biochar, c deconvolution spectra of C1s of control biochar, d deconvolution spectra of C1s of dye loaded biochar, e O1s control biochar, f O1s of dye loaded biochar, g N1s of control biochar, h N1s of dye loaded biochar, i Na1s of control biochar, j Na1s of dye loaded biochar
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
XPS spectra of prepared biochar. a wide scan spectra of control biochar, b wide scan spectra of dye loaded biochar, c deconvolution spectra of C1s of control biochar, d deconvolution spectra of C1s of dye loaded biochar, e O1s control biochar, f O1s of dye loaded biochar, g N1s of control biochar, h N1s of dye loaded biochar, i Na1s of control biochar, j Na1s of dye loaded biochar
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
a FESEM image of UF membrane surface (30 KX magnification); b FESEM image of UF membrane surface (100 KX magnification); c Clean water permeability curve of UF membrane; d) Variation of permeate flux with transmembrane pressure; e Variation of permeate flux with time without air back pulsing (optimised transmembrane pressure 3.0 bar), f Variation of COD and Dye removal with time in ceramic UF membrane study (optimised transmembrane pressure 3.0 bar) and g) Variation of permeate flux (TE1) with time in presence of air back pulsing (optimised transmembrane pressure 3.0 bar)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
a Variation of dye removal efficiency with pH of the dye solution (adsorbent dose 2 gL−1, equilibrium time 6 h), b Effect of adsorbent dose on dye removal efficiency (pH 7.0, equilibrium time 6 h), c Variation of dye removal efficiency with contact time (adsorbent dose 2 gL−1, pH 7.0), d Desorption efficiency of dye loaded biochar in different reagent, e Effect of different acetone concentration on dye desorption efficiency from dye loaded biochar and f) Dye removal efficiency of regenerated biochar
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Change in a) pH, b EC and NH4-N, c C/N with time during Composting of dye loaded sludge with soil and dry leaves
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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