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Review
. 2021 Apr;27(2):221-235.
doi: 10.3350/cmh.2020.0239. Epub 2020 Dec 3.

Evaluation and management of extrahepatic manifestations of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Karn Wijarnpreecha  1 , Elizabeth S Aby  2 , Aijaz Ahmed  3 , Donghee Kim  3
Affiliations
Review

Evaluation and management of extrahepatic manifestations of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Karn Wijarnpreecha et al. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2021 Apr.

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multisystemic disease and a rapidly growing cause of chronic liver disease in children and adults worldwide. Diagnosis and management of extrahepatic manifestations of NAFLD, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, obstructive sleep apnea, polycystic ovarian syndrome, hypothyroidism, psoriasis, and extrahepatic malignancy are crucial for the treatment of patients with NAFLD. The leading cause of death in NAFLD is primarily from CVD, followed by liver-related mortality, extrahepatic cancer, liver cancer, and diabetes-related mortality. Therefore, clinicians need to identify high-risk patients earlier in the disease course and be aware of the extrahepatic manifestations of NAFLD to improve liver disease outcomes. In this review, we focus on the monitoring and management of the extrahepatic manifestations of NAFLD.

Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Fatty liver; Liver cirrhosis; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Therapeutics.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Evaluation and management of extrahepatic manifestations of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. RAS, renin-angiotensin system.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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