Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Dec 11;9(12):1757.
doi: 10.3390/plants9121757.

Modelling of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Response to Blue Light Intensity in Controlled Environments

Tina Hitz  1 , Simone Graeff-Hönninger  1 , Sebastian Munz  1
Affiliations

Modelling of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Response to Blue Light Intensity in Controlled Environments

Tina Hitz et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

Low photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) under shade is associated with low blue photon flux density (BPFD), which independent from PPFD can induce shade responses, e.g., elongation growth. In this study, the response of soybean to six levels of BPFD under constant PPFD from LED lighting was investigated with regard to morphology, biomass and photosynthesis to increase the knowledge for optimizing the intensity of BPFD for a speed breeding system. The results showed that low BPFD increased plant height, leaf area and biomass and decreased leaf mass ratio. Photosynthetic rate and internode diameter were not influenced. A functional structural plant model of soybean was calibrated with the experimental data. A response function for internode length to the perceived BPFD by the internodes was derived from simulations and integrated into the model. With the aim to optimize lighting for a speed breeding system, simulations with alternative lighting scenarios indicated that decreasing BPFD during the growth period and using different chamber material with a higher reflectance could reduce energy consumption by 7% compared to the experimental setup, while inducing short soybean plants.

Keywords: LED lighting; blue photon flux density; functional structural plant modelling; indoor farming; photomorphogenesis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest and the funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Final plant height (A), biomass (B) and leaf area (C) under different blue photosynthetic flux densities (BPFD). Error bars indicate standard error of the mean (n = 8).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Soybean grown under B310 (A) and B60 (B).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Least square mean of length of second (point) and third (triangle) internode relative to B310 in response to BPFD emitted by the LED modules (A) or simulated BPFD perceived by the internode (B). Dashed line showing the function fitted to relative internode lengths higher than one and dotted lines showing the interception of the function with 1. Black line showing the final response function to BPFD. Error bars indicate standard error of the LS-mean (n = 8).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Simulated (line) and measured (points) plant height until the third node and root mean square error (RMSE) between simulations and measurements. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean (day 9–20: n = 4, day 23: n = 8).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Simulated height until the third node (A) and length of second (B) and third (C) internode with a reflective surface of pots, soil and bottom.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The measured spectrum of the six treatments with a BPFD of 60, 110, 160, 210, 260 and 310 µmol m−2 s−1.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Illustration of the randomization for the plants used for the destructive measurements within the first (light blue square) and second (dark blue square) block (plant location). The numbers exemplarily show the day of the destructive measurements the plants were used for.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Bantis F., Smirnakou S., Ouzounis T., Koukounaras A., Ntagkas N., Radoglou K. Current status and recent achievements in the field of horticulture with the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) Sci. Hortic. 2018;235:437–451. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2018.02.058. - DOI
    1. Singh D., Basu C., Meinhardt-Wollweber M., Roth B. LEDs for energy efficient greenhouse lighting. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2015;49:139–147. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.117. - DOI
    1. Olle M., Viršile A. The effects of light-emitting diode lighting on greenhouse plant growth and quality. Agric. Food Sci. 2013;22:223–234. doi: 10.23986/afsci.7897. - DOI
    1. Ahlman L., Bånkestad D., Wik T. Using chlorophyll a fluorescence gains to optimize LED light spectrum for short term photosynthesis. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2017;142:224–234. doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2017.07.023. - DOI
    1. Pennisi G., Blasioli S., Cellini A., Maia L., Crepaldi A., Braschi I., Spinelli F., Nicola S., Fernandez J.A., Stanghellini C., et al. Unraveling the role of red:blue LED lights on resource use efficiency and nutritional properties of indoor grown sweet basil. Front. Plant Sci. 2019;10:305. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00305. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources