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. 2020 Dec 12;13(24):5679.
doi: 10.3390/ma13245679.

Diffusion Mechanism of Cinnamon Essential Oils Release from Calcium Alginate Based Controlled Release Films in Contact with Food Simulating Solvent

Xi Chen  1 , Li-Xin Lu  1   2 , Wei-Rong Yao  3 , Liao Pan  1   2
Affiliations

Diffusion Mechanism of Cinnamon Essential Oils Release from Calcium Alginate Based Controlled Release Films in Contact with Food Simulating Solvent

Xi Chen et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Calcium alginate based controlled release films with moderate mechanical properties were fabricated in this paper. The diffusion mechanism of these films contacting food simulating solvent (FSS) was explored in some detail. With the increase of glycerol content, the diffusion coefficient (D) values of cinnamon essential oils (CEOs) diffusing to ethanol first increased slowly (0.3-0.6 mL), then vigorously (0.6-0.9 mL), and then mildly (0.9-1.2 mL). The D values of the CEOs diffused to water are all in the order of magnitude of 10-10 cm2/s. The D values of CEOs diffused from films EG3 and EGC1 to aqueous ethanol altered enormously at a small moisture percentage (w = 0.3), then continuously varied vigorously, and at last altered mildly in the range of w = 0.3-1. All the results above indicate that, considering the FSS, the diffusion ability of molecules is jointly determined by the size and distribution of free volume in the system (polymer + diffusive substance + solvents), the intermolecular interaction, and the partition coefficient of the solvents. In addition, several pairs of D values, such as DEG and DGA, are very close to each other, indicating that different kinds of interactions between different groups may have the same effect on the diffusion ability of molecules. The correlation between D1 and D2 indicates that polymeric emulsifier chains also exist in the polymer-rich layer. All the findings and analysis could provide the theoretical basis and data support for further molecular dynamic simulation and could guide the design of controlled release food packaging for food protection.

Keywords: bio-based film; calcium alginate; cinnamon essential oils; controlled release; diffusion mechanism; solvent.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
SEM images of the cross sections of films EG1–EG4 (a–d), EGA1–EGA4 (e–h), EGC1–EGC4 (i–l).
Figure 2
Figure 2
SEM images of the cross sections of films G (a), GA (b), and GC (c) [13].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Experimental and theoretical values of one-way release tests of cinnamon essential oils (CEOs) released from films EG1–EG4 (a–d), EGA1–EGA4 (e–h), and EGC1–EGC4 (i–l) to absolute ethanol at 4 °C.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Experimental and theoretical values of one-way release tests of cinnamon essential oils (CEOs) released from films EG1–EG4 (a–d), EGA1–EGA4 (e–h), and EGC1–EGC4 (i–l) to absolute ethanol at 4 °C.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Alteration of diffusion coefficient (D) values of CEOs released from films EG, EGA, and EGC to ethanol with the increase of glycerol from 0.3 to 1.2 mL.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Experimental and theoretical values of one-way release tests of CEOs released from films EG (a), EGA (b), EGC (c) to water at 4 °C.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Experimental and theoretical values of one-way release tests of CEOs released from films EG (a), EGA (b), EGC (c) to water at 4 °C.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Experimental and theoretical values of one-way release tests of CEOs released at 4 °C from films EG3 (a–d) and EGC1 (e–h) to aqueous ethanol with water content of 5%, 30%, 60%, and 95%.
Figure 7
Figure 7
D values of CEOs released from films EG3 (a) and EGC1 (b) to aqueous ethanol of w = 0, 0.05, 0.3, 0.6, 0.95 and 1, respectively; s at equilibrium of films EG3 (a) and EGC1 (b) contacting aqueous ethanol of w = 0, 0.05, 0.3, 0.6, 0.95 and 1, respectively; D values at different s of CEOs released from films EG3 and EGC1 to aqueous ethanol (c), respectively.
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