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Comparative Study
. 2020 Dec 15:371:m4677.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.m4677.

Comparative evaluation of clinical manifestations and risk of death in patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 and seasonal influenza: cohort study

Yan Xie  1   2   3 , Benjamin Bowe  1   2   3 , Geetha Maddukuri  4 , Ziyad Al-Aly  5   3   4   6   7
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Comparative evaluation of clinical manifestations and risk of death in patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 and seasonal influenza: cohort study

Yan Xie et al. BMJ. .
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf and declare: support from the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, the Institute for Public Health at Washington University in Saint Louis, MO, USA, the American Society of Nephrology, and KidneyCure; no financial relationships with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1
Adjusted cumulative incidence rate (with 95% CI) of death, mechanical ventilator use, and admission to intensive care unit (ICU) per 100 patients admitted to hospital with seasonal influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19)
Fig 2
Fig 2
Risks of death and healthcare resource use in patients admitted to hospital with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) versus seasonal influenza. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, chronic lung disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, dementia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, peripheral artery disease, and use of statins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Seasonal influenza group served as reference for each model. Length of hospital stay was calculated within patients discharged from hospital (n=15 009)
Fig 3
Fig 3
Rates of death in patients admitted to hospital with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) (left), and excess deaths compared with patients admitted with seasonal influenza (right), by age (≤65, 65-75, >75 years), race (white, black), and comorbid condition. Number in each cell represents rate of death or excess deaths per 100 patients admitted with covid-19, given conditions. Lighter colored cells indicate lower death rates or smaller differences, and darker colored cells indicate higher death rates or larger differences
Fig 4
Fig 4
Risks of death and healthcare resource use in patients admitted to hospital with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) versus seasonal influenza. Seasonal influenza group served as reference. BMI=body mass index; ICU=intensive care unit; T0=time zero. *Models adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, BMI, estimated glomerular filtration rate, chronic lung disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, dementia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, peripheral artery disease, use of statins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. †Included seasonal influenza patients between 1 Jan 2017 and 31 Aug 2017 in cohort. ‡Included seasonal influenza patients between 1 Sept 2017 and 31 Aug 2018 in cohort. §Included seasonal influenza patients between 1 Sept 2018 and 31 Aug 2019 in cohort. ¶Included seasonal influenza patients between 1 Sept 2019 and 31 Dec 2019 in cohort
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. COVID-19 map. 2020. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html.
    1. Faust JS, Del Rio C. Assessment of Deaths From COVID-19 and From Seasonal Influenza. JAMA Intern Med 2020;180:1045-6. 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2306 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Xie Y, Bowe B, Li T, Xian H, Balasubramanian S, Al-Aly Z. Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Incident CKD and Progression to ESRD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016;27:3153-63. 10.1681/ASN.2015121377 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Xie Y, Bowe B, Li T, Xian H, Yan Y, Al-Aly Z. Risk of death among users of Proton Pump Inhibitors: a longitudinal observational cohort study of United States veterans. BMJ Open 2017;7:e015735. 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015735 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Xie Y, Bowe B, Li T, Xian H, Yan Y, Al-Aly Z. Long-term kidney outcomes among users of proton pump inhibitors without intervening acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2017;91:1482-94. 10.1016/j.kint.2016.12.021 - DOI - PubMed

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