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. 2022 Jan;36(1):234-236.
doi: 10.1038/s41433-020-01328-6. Epub 2020 Dec 15.

Recommended protocol for performing oral fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in children

Oliver R Marmoy  1   2   3 , Robert H Henderson  4   5 , Kuan Ooi  6
Affiliations

Recommended protocol for performing oral fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in children

Oliver R Marmoy et al. Eye (Lond). 2022 Jan.
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Protocol flow chart for performing oral FFA imaging in children.
Once a decision is made to perform FFA imaging, the preparation phase begins for clinician prescription of Fluorescein Sodium, written consent/assent to be obtained from the patient and nursing staff to be notified to supervise the patient. The dosage calculation is made according to agreed locally agreed values for children. The child is then asked to consume the Fluorescein, which is mixed into an icy cold citrus drink such as orange or apple juice. The FFA imaging then begins, lasting a maximum of 30 min for most patients. Following the test, the patient must remain on site until an hour after the dose was administered to monitor for any adverse effects before leaving.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. FFA imaging in a patient with abnormal congenital vascular development in the right eye who underwent the oral FFA protocol.
Each panel shows the stages of the oral FFA imaging at different time (T) intervals. As can be seen, the choroidal flush and cilioretinal/optic disc vessels show early filling. This is followed by the arterial and capillary phases, as time continues showing the venous phase. In this patient, we can see normal vessel filling and perfusion throughout the FFA imaging in the left eye, in the right eye, marked vascular tortuosity is observed with excessive vessels. In the capillary and venous phases, in the far temporal periphery (Zone 3) there is a large avascular zone (red arrows), with some anastomosis of the retinal vessels.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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