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. 2020 Nov 23:7:596307.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.596307. eCollection 2020.

Heat and Drought Stress Impact on Phenology, Grain Yield, and Nutritional Quality of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus)

Hasnae Choukri  1   2 , Kamal Hejjaoui  1   2 , Adil El-Baouchi  2 , Noureddine El Haddad  1   2 , Abdelaziz Smouni  1 , Fouad Maalouf  3 , Dil Thavarajah  4 , Shiv Kumar  2
Affiliations

Heat and Drought Stress Impact on Phenology, Grain Yield, and Nutritional Quality of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus)

Hasnae Choukri et al. Front Nutr. .

Abstract

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is a protein-rich cool-season food legume with an excellent source of protein, prebiotic carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. With climate change, heat, and drought stresses have become more frequent and intense in lentil growing areas with a strong influence on phenology, grain yield, and nutritional quality. This study aimed to assess the impact of heat and drought stresses on phenology, grain yield, and nutritional quality of lentil. For this purpose, 100 lentil genotypes from the global collection were evaluated under normal, heat, and combined heat-drought conditions. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (p < 0.001) among lentil genotypes for phenological traits, yield components, and grain quality traits. Under no stress conditions, mineral concentrations among lentil genotypes varied from 48 to 109 mg kg-1 for iron (Fe) and from 31 to 65 mg kg-1 for zinc (Zn), while crude protein content ranged from 22.5 to 32.0%. Iron, zinc, and crude protein content were significantly reduced under stress conditions, and the effect of combined heat-drought stress was more severe than heat stress alone. A significant positive correlation was observed between iron and zinc concentrations under both no stress and stress conditions. Based on grain yield, crude protein, and iron and zinc concentrations, lentil genotypes were grouped into three clusters following the hierarchical cluster analysis. Promising lentil genotypes with high micronutrient contents, crude protein, and grain yield with the least effect of heat and drought stress were identified as the potential donors for biofortification in the lentil breeding program.

Keywords: biofortification; combined heat-drought; crude protein; grain yield; heat; iron and zinc; lentil; malnutrition.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Daily maximum, minimum, and average temperatures prevalent at the experimental site at Marchouch station during the crop season of 2016–2017.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Crude protein, Fe, and Zn concentration among 100 lentil genotypes under normal, heat stress, and heat-drought stress. The value represents mean ± SD.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Correlation between Fe and Zn content (A) and between Zn content and crude protein (B) of tested genotypes under normal condition. Correlation between Fe and Zn concentrations under heat stress (C) and combined heat-drought stress (D).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Biplot for Principal Component Analysis of 100 lentil genotypes evaluated under normal planting with no stress during 2016/2017. In Red are the lines with high Fe and high filled pods.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Hierarchical clustering of 100 lentil genotypes based on iron and zinc contents, crude protein, and grain yield.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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