Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Jun;22(4):638-648.
doi: 10.1111/pedi.13174. Epub 2021 Mar 16.

Prevalence and course of mood and anxiety disorders, and correlates of symptom severity in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Results from diabetes LEAP

Linh Anh Nguyen  1   2 , Frans Pouwer  3   4   5 , Per Winterdijk  6 , Esther Hartman  1 , Roos Nuboer  7 , Theo Sas  6   8   9 , Ineke de Kruijff  10 , Willie Bakker-Van Waarde  6 , Henk-Jan Aanstoot  6 , Giesje Nefs  1   2   6
Affiliations

Prevalence and course of mood and anxiety disorders, and correlates of symptom severity in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Results from diabetes LEAP

Linh Anh Nguyen et al. Pediatr Diabetes. 2021 Jun.

Abstract

Objectives: We aim to determine the prevalence and the course of anxiety and mood disorders in Dutch adolescents (12-18 years old) with type 1 diabetes, and to examine correlates of symptom severity, including parental emotional distress.

Methods: Participants were 171 adolescents and 149 parents. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV was used to assess current, past year and lifetime anxiety and mood disorders in adolescents. Symptom severity and diabetes distress were measured with validated questionnaires. Correlates of these symptoms were examined using hierarchical regression analyses and included demographics (adolescent sex and age), clinical factors (diabetes duration, treatment modality, most recent glycated hemoglobin A1c ; all extracted from medical charts), adolescent diabetes distress, and parent emotional distress.

Results: Twenty-four (14%) adolescents met the criteria for ≥1 disorder(s) in the previous 12 months. Anxiety disorders were more prevalent than mood disorders (13% vs. 4%). Lifetime prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders was 29% (n = 49). The presence of any of these disorders earlier in life (from 5 years old up to 12 months prior to assessment) was associated with disorders in the past 12 months (OR = 4.88, p = 0.001). Higher adolescent diabetes distress was related to higher symptoms of anxiety (b = 0.07, p = 0.001) and depression (b = 0.13, p = 0.001), while demographics, clinical characteristics, and parental emotional distress were not related.

Conclusions: Anxiety and mood disorders are common among adolescents and related to earlier disorders. Higher diabetes distress was related to higher symptom severity. Clinicians are advised to address past psychological problems and remain vigilant of these problems.

Keywords: adolescents; anxiety; depression; type 1 diabetes.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this article to disclose.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Overview of the assessed mood and anxiety disorders
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Overview of the number of disorders per timeframe among adolescents with type 1 diabetes
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Beesdo K, Knappe S, Pine DS. Anxiety and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: developmental issues and implications for DSM‐V. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2009;32(3):483‐524. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Thapar A, Collishaw S, Pine DS, Thapar AK. Depression in adolescence. Lancet. 2012;379(9820):1056‐1067. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Johnson B, Eiser C, Young V, Brierley S, Heller S. Prevalence of depression among young people with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabet Med. 2013;30(2):199‐208. - PubMed
    1. Buchberger B, Huppertz H, Krabbe L, Lux B, Mattivi JT, Siafarikas A. Symptoms of depression and anxiety in youth with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016;70:70‐84. - PubMed
    1. Blanz BJ, Rensch‐Riemann BS, Fritz‐Sigmund DI, Schmidt MH. IDDM is a risk factor for adolescent psychiatric disorders. Diabetes Care. 1993;16(12):1579‐1587. - PubMed

Publication types