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. 2020 Dec 17;14(12):e0008961.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008961. eCollection 2020 Dec.

Understanding COVID-19 vaccine demand and hesitancy: A nationwide online survey in China

Yulan Lin  1 , Zhijian Hu  1 , Qinjian Zhao  2 , Haridah Alias  3 , Mahmoud Danaee  3 , Li Ping Wong  1   3
Affiliations

Understanding COVID-19 vaccine demand and hesitancy: A nationwide online survey in China

Yulan Lin et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. .

Abstract

Background: This study attempts to understand coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine demand and hesitancy by assessing the public's vaccination intention and willingness-to-pay (WTP). Confidence in COVID-19 vaccines produced in China and preference for domestically-made or foreign-made vaccines was also investigated.

Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional, self-administered online survey was conducted on 1-19 May 2020. The health belief model (HBM) was used as a theoretical framework for understanding COVID-19 vaccination intent and WTP.

Results: A total of 3,541 complete responses were received. The majority reported a probably yes intent (54.6%), followed by a definite yes intent (28.7%). The perception that vaccination decreases the chances of getting COVID-19 under the perceived benefit construct (OR = 3.14, 95% CI 2.05-4.83) and not being concerned about the efficacy of new COVID-19 vaccines under the perceived barriers construct (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.31-2.09) were found to have the highest significant odds of a definite intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) of WTP for COVID-19 vaccine was CNY¥200/US$28 (IQR CNY¥100-500/USD$14-72). The highest marginal WTP for the vaccine was influenced by socio-economic factors. The majority were confident (48.7%) and completely confident (46.1%) in domestically-made COVID-19 vaccine. 64.2% reported a preference for a domestically-made over foreign-made COVID-19 vaccine.

Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the utility of HBM constructs in understanding COVID-19 vaccination intent and WTP. It is important to improve health promotion and reduce the barriers to COVID-19 vaccination.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Geographical distribution of responses of the study and confirmed cases of COVID-19 as of 22nd May 2020.
Fig 2
Fig 2. COVID-19 vaccination intent (N = 3541).
Fig 3
Fig 3. Willingness-to- pay for COVID-19 vaccine (N = 3541).
Fig 4
Fig 4. Confidence in domestic-and foreign-made COVID-19 vaccines (N = 3541).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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