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Review
. 2020 Dec 1:11:576818.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.576818. eCollection 2020.

Impact of Diabetes in Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19

Mohamed Abu-Farha  1 , Fahd Al-Mulla  2 , Thangavel Alphonse Thanaraj  2 , Sina Kavalakatt  1 , Hamad Ali  2   3 , Mohammed Abdul Ghani  4 , Jehad Abubaker  1
Affiliations
Review

Impact of Diabetes in Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19

Mohamed Abu-Farha et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

COVID-19 is a disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2), known as a highly contagious disease, currently affecting more than 200 countries worldwide. The main feature of SARS-CoV-2 that distinguishes it from other viruses is the speed of transmission combined with higher risk of mortality from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). People with diabetes mellitus (DM), severe obesity, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension are more likely to get infected and are at a higher risk of mortality from COVID-19. Among elderly patients who are at higher risk of death from COVID-19, 26.8% have DM. Although the reasons for this increased risk are yet to be determined, several factors may contribute to type-2 DM patients' increased susceptibility to infections. A possible factor that may play a role in increasing the risk in people affected by diabetes and/or obesity is the impaired innate and adaptive immune response, characterized by a state of chronic and low-grade inflammation that can lead to abrupt systemic metabolic alteration. SARS patients previously diagnosed with diabetes or hyperglycemia had higher mortality and morbidity rates when compared with patients who were under metabolic control. Similarly, obese individuals are at higher risk of developing complications from SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we will explore the current and evolving insights pertinent to the metabolic impact of coronavirus infections with special attention to the main pathways and mechanisms that are linked to the pathophysiology and treatment of diabetes.

Keywords: Furin; angiotensin converting enzyme2 (ACE2); coronavirus disease (COVID-19); interferon induced membrane (IFITM3); metformin; serine 2 (TMPRSS2); transmembrane protease; type 2 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A schematic model summarizing the various mechanisms by which diabetes can impact on COVID-19 poor outcome.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Illustration of association of the different host-cellular proteins involved in SARS-COV-2 infection with diabetes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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