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. 2021 Jan;35(1):234-244.
doi: 10.1111/jvim.16010. Epub 2020 Dec 18.

Identification of 5 novel feline erythrocyte antigens based on the presence of naturally occurring alloantibodies

Marie Binvel  1 , Julie Arsenault  2 , Boris Depré  3 , Marie-Claude Blais  1
Affiliations

Identification of 5 novel feline erythrocyte antigens based on the presence of naturally occurring alloantibodies

Marie Binvel et al. J Vet Intern Med. 2021 Jan.

Abstract

Background: Since the discovery of the Mik antigen, several studies have described blood incompatibilities unrelated to the AB system in cats.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of cats with non-AB incompatibilities associated with naturally occurring alloantibodies (NOAb), and to begin mapping the corresponding feline erythrocyte antigens (FEA).

Animals: Two hundred and fifty-eight type A cats.

Methods: Prospectively, cats were evaluated for the presence of NOAb by crossmatching in groups of 4-6 cats. When NOAb were detected in a cat, its plasma was used as reagent to assess for the presence of the corresponding FEA in all cats included thereafter, and agreement observed between results of this extensive blood typing was evaluated.

Results: The chance of detecting incompatibilities by randomly crossmatching 2 cats was 3.9%, which resulted in at least 7% of type A cats having NOAb. Blood typing and agreement analyses performed with 7 newly detected NOAb allowed the identification of 5 presumably distinct FEA. Feline erythrocyte antigens 1 and 5 were most frequent with prevalence of 84% and 96%, respectively. Only FEA 1-negative status was associated with a higher risk of presenting NOAb; with 16.7% of 42 FEA 1-negative cats having NOAb compared to 5.1% of 216 FEA 1-positive cats.

Conclusions and clinical importance: This study represents a first step of FEA identification outside the AB system. Because of its prevalence and association with NOAb, FEA 1 might correspond to the Mik antigen.

Keywords: Mik antigen; alloimmunisation; blood compatibility; blood typing; crossmatch; transfusion.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Flow diagram documenting case enrollment and the 3 steps of the study (1. AB blood typing, 2. Detection of naturally occurring alloantibodies, and 3. Prospective blood typing for novel antigens). NOAb: naturally occurring alloantibodies; FEA: feline erythrocyte antigens; dotted arrow: When NOAb were detected in a cat during the detection of NOAb step, its plasma was tested during the blood typing step against the red blood cells of all other cats included thereafter in the study
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Distribution of cats with naturally occurring alloantibodies (NOAb) according to the number and the grade of incompatibilities. Results ≥2+ are considered as incompatible (ie, presence of NOAb)
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Gel column results showing feline erythrocyte antigen (FEA) 4 (A), 6 (B) and 7 (C) blood typing against the same 6 cats (number 241‐246). +: positive = presence of the FEA on the surface of the index cat's red blood cells; −: negative = absence of the FEA on the surface of the index cat's red blood cells. All autocontrols were negative
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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