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. 2020 Nov 30:999:109-145.
doi: 10.3897/zookeys.999.53130. eCollection 2020.

Revision of the Megasoma (Megasoma) gyas (Jablonsky in Herbst, 1785) species group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)

Massimo Prandi  1 , Paschoal C Grossi  2 , Fernando Z Vaz-De-Mello  3
Affiliations

Revision of the Megasoma (Megasoma) gyas (Jablonsky in Herbst, 1785) species group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)

Massimo Prandi et al. Zookeys. .

Abstract

The taxa of the genus Megasoma Kirby, 1825 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae) related to M. gyas (Jablonsky in Herbst, 1785) are revised. Megasoma (M.) gyas is recognized as a monotypic species restricted to the Caatinga biome of northeastern Brazil. Megasoma gyas rumbucheri Fischer, 1968, is considered as a new synonym of M. gyas. The "long-horned M. gyas" is recognized as a separate polytypic species M. (M.) typhon (Olivier, 1789) with the nominative subspecies occurring through the Mata Atlântica biome of Brazil, from Bahia to São Paulo states and M. (M.) typhon prandii Milani, 2008 restricted to a small area in the state of Santa Catarina, South Brazil. Megasoma gyas porioni Nagai is considered as a new synonym of M. typhon typhon. The "short-horned M. gyas" occurring in Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and southwestern Bahia, is recognized as a separate new species and described as M. (M.) hyperionsp. nov. The paper includes an historical research and the redescriptions of the other nominal species of the genus. Distribution maps and a key to species in the M. (M.) gyas species group (males and females) are also provided.

Keywords: Scarabaeoidea; Cerrado; Neotropical region; South America; new species.

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Figures

Figures 1, 2.
Figures 1, 2.
1 George Marcgraf, “Libri Principis” of Libri Picturati, before 1648, page 477, “Enéma” (indigenous name) 2 W. Piso & G. Marcgraf, “Historia Naturalis Brasiliae” 1648, page 246. Enéma, Enena, Escaravelha Lusitanis, Taurus Volans.
Figures 3, 4.
Figures 3, 4.
3 Johann Euseb Voets, 1782 edition of “Kaferwerk”, fig. 114. ScarabaeusGoliath. 4 Carl Gustav Jablonsky 1785. “Natursystem aller bekannten…” Vol. I. Kafer, fig. 4. Scarabaeus gyas.
Figures 5–7.
Figures 5–7.
5 G-A Olivier 1789. “Entomologie ou Histoire Naturelle des Insectes”, Tav. XVI fig. 252. Scarabaeus typhon6 G-A Olivier 1789. “Entomologie ou Histoire Naturelle des Insectes”, Tav. XXVIII fig 247. Scarabaeus laniger7 G-A Olivier 1792. “Journal d’Histoire Naturelle”, no. 8. Scarabaeus entellus
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Megasoma gyas ♂ from Brazil, Pernambuco A dorsal habitus B cephalic horn lateral view C cephalic horn frontal view D original label E lateral habitus.
Figures 9, 10.
Figures 9, 10.
9 Surface of bioma Caatinga in Brazil 10 The subregions in NE Brazil.
Figure 11.
Figure 11.
View of Caatinga biome near Sairé, Pernambuco (photograph P. Grossi).
Figure 12.
Figure 12.
View of Serra Talhada, vale do Rio Pajeú, Pernambuco. (photograph P. Grossi).
Figure 13.
Figure 13.
Megasoma gyas ♀ from Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte, Tenente Laurentino A dorsal habitus B double head's tubercle C pronotum with carina.
Figure 14.
Figure 14.
Map of Caatinga’s biome with collecting localities (grouped) of Megasoma gyas in northeastern Brazil.
Figure 15.
Figure 15.
Megasoma typhon typhon ♂ from Brazil, Bahia, Jaguaquara A dorsal habitus B cephalic horn lateral view C original label D lateral habitus.
Figure 16.
Figure 16.
Megasoma typhon typhon gallery from different localities A Brazil, Bahia, Salobrinho B Brazil, São Paulo Province C Brazil, Bahia, Arataca D Brazil, Minas Gerais, Ipatinga E Brazil, Bahia, Jaguaquara F Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Teresópolis.
Figure 17.
Figure 17.
M. typhon typhon ♀ from Brazil, Minas Gerais, Ipatinga A dorsal habitus B single head’s tubercle C pronotum with carina.
Figures 18, 19.
Figures 18, 19.
18 View of Mata Atlântica biome, native trail, Itacaré, Bahia. (photograph L. Migliorati). 19 Trail into Mata Atlântica, Serra do Mar, Santa Catarina (photograph M. Prandi).
Figure 20.
Figure 20.
M. typhon prandii ♂ from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Serra do Mar A dorsal habitus B cephalic horn lateral view C aedeagus D lateral habitus.
Figure 21.
Figure 21.
M. typhon prandii ♀ from Brazil, S. Catarina, Hansa Humboldt (now Joinville) A dorsal habitus B single head’s tubercle and pronotum C mesotibia with carina D label.
Figure 22.
Figure 22.
Megasoma hyperion sp. nov., holotype from Brazil, Minas Gerais, Águas Vermelhas ♂ A dorsal habitus B cephalic horn lateral view C cephalic horn frontal view D lateral habitus.
Figure 23.
Figure 23.
Panorama in Ponto dos Volantes, north of Minas Gerais (photograph P. Grossi).
Figure 24.
Figure 24.
Panorama of north of Minas Gerais, near Aguas Vermelhas, with enclaves of Cerrado and Caatinga biomes (photograph P. Grossi).
Figure 25.
Figure 25.
Megasoma hyperion sp. nov. from Brazil, MG, Águas Vermelhas, allotype ♀ A dorsal habitus B single head’s tubercle C pronotum with carina.
Figure 26.
Figure 26.
AM. joergenseni joergenseni ♂ BM. joergenseni joergenseni ♀.
Figure 27.
Figure 27.
AM. joergenseni peynai ♂ BM. joergenseni peynai ♀.
Figure 28.
Figure 28.
AM. anubis ♂ BM. anubis ♀.
Figure 29.
Figure 29.
AM. hermes ♂ BM. hermes ♀.
Figure 30.
Figure 30.
Collecting localities of the Megasoma gyas species-group.
Figure 31.
Figure 31.
Frontal view of aedeagi A aedeagus of M. gyas from Brazil, Pernambuco, Custódia B aedeagus M. gyas from Brazil, Sergipe C aedeagus of M. typhon typhon from Brazil, Bahia, Jaguaquara D aedeagus of M. typhon typhon from Brazil, Minas Gerais, Ipatinga E, F aedeagi of M. hyperion sp. nov. from Brazil, Minas Gerais, Aguas Vermelhas.
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