A Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome-like Reaction to Concurrent Retinal Insults

Abstract

Purpose: To describe a clinical picture resembling classic multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) potentially triggered by previous or concurrent, apparently unrelated, ocular events and to provide a literature review of similar presentations.

Design: Retrospective chart series and literature review.

Participants: Consecutive patients diagnosed with MEWDS at the Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, and the IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, between July 2019 and June 2020.

Methods: Charts of patients were reviewed. Ophthalmic history, best-corrected visual acuity, spectral-domain OCT results, OCT angiography results, fundus autofluorescence results, ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography results, and indocyanine green angiography results were collected. A PubMed-based search was carried out for similar presentations using the terms MEWDS and white spot syndromes.

Main outcome measures: An ocular history positive for previous or concurrent ocular events in patients with MEWDS was sought in our cohort and the existing literature.

Results: Five eyes of 4 patients (2 females; age range, 16-81 years) were included. The first eye had a history of bilateral Best vitelliform dystrophy and unilateral choroidal neovascularization. The second eye had angioid streaks complicated by choroidal neovascularization and underwent prior thermal laser photocoagulation. The third eye had a history of high myopia and a scleral buckle procedure for retinal detachment. The fourth patient had bilateral idiopathic retinochoroiditis. We identified 16 case reports from 5 previous publications that support a MEWDS-like reaction to previous ocular insults.

Conclusions: We suggest a MEWDS-like reaction may be elicited by ocular events in a subset of susceptible patients. We hypothesize that damage to the outer retina may play a role in triggering the local inflammatory response.

Keywords: Multimodal imaging; Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome; Ocular inflammatory disease; White spot syndromes.