[French ccAFU guidelines - update 2020-2022: testicular germ cell tumors]

Abstract

Objective: - To update French guidelines concerning testicular germ cell cancer.

Materials and methods: - Comprehensive Medline search between 2018 and 2020 upon diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of testicular germ cell cancer and treatments toxicities. Level of evidence was evaluated.

Results: - Testicular Germ cell tumor diagnosis is based on physical examination, biology tests (serum tumor markers AFP, hCGt, LDH) and radiological assessment (scrotal ultrasound and chest, abdomen and pelvis computerized tomography). Total inguinal orchiectomy is the first-line treatment allowing characterization of the histological type, local staging and identification of risk factors for micrometastases. In case of several therapeutic options, one must inform his patient balancing risks and benefits. Surveillance is usually chosen in stage I seminoma compliant patients as the evolution rate is low between 15 to 20%. Carboplatin AUC7 is an alternative option. Radiotherapy indication should be avoided. In stage I non seminomatous patients, either surveillance or risk-adapted strategy can be applied. Staging retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy has restricted indications. Metastatic germ cell tumors are usually treated by PEB chemotherapy according to IGCCCG prognostic classification. Lombo-aortic radiotherapy is still a standard treatment for stage IIA. Residual masses should be evaluated by biological and radiological assessment 3 to 4 weeks after the end of chemotherapy. Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy is advocated for every non seminomatous residual mass more than one cm. 18FDG uptake should be evaluated for each seminoma residual mass more than 3 cm.

Conclusions: - A rigorous use of classifications is mandatory to define staging since initial diagnosis. Applying treatments based on these classifications leads to excellent survival rates (99% in CSI, 85% in CSII+).

Keywords: BEP; Cancer du testicule; Chimiothérapie; Curage ganglionnaire rétro péritonéal; Orchidectomie; Orchiectomy; PEB chemotherapy; Radiotherapy; Radiothérapie; Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy; Testicular neoplasms.