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. 2020 Dec 19;13(24):5811.
doi: 10.3390/ma13245811.

Identification of Phenolic Compounds and Determination of Antioxidant Activity in Extracts and Infusions of Salvia Leaves

Sławomir Francik  1 , Renata Francik  2   3 , Urszula Sadowska  4 , Beata Bystrowska  5 , Agnieszka Zawiślak  6 , Adrian Knapczyk  1 , Abdul Nzeyimana  7
Affiliations

Identification of Phenolic Compounds and Determination of Antioxidant Activity in Extracts and Infusions of Salvia Leaves

Sławomir Francik et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The influence of harvest period and drying method of Salvia officinalis L. leaves on the content of essential oils, polyphenols and antioxidant properties was investigated. Sage leaves were collected twice during plant blossoming (in June and July) and dried traditionally in natural conditions and at 35 °C. Antioxidant activity was assayed in methanol-acetone extracts and infusions of dried leaves with the use of free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) technique. Total phenolic content in extracts as well as in infusions was determined by the means of Folin-Ciocalteu method. Based on the LC/MS analysis, the polyphenol compounds present in both extracts and in infusions were identified. The extracts contained more polyphenols and were characterized by higher antioxidant activity than infusions. In the extracts significant amount of ferulic acid was found, which was influenced both by the harvest period and drying method. The amount of ferulic acid found in extracts obtained from the June leaves dried traditionally was three times lower (6.185 μg/g DW) than in extracts from July leaves dried in the same conditions. Harvest period had a significant effect on the essential oils' content, leaves collected in July contained 15% more oils than those collected in June.

Keywords: DPPH; FRAP; Salvia officinalis; antioxidants; chromatographic analysis; phenols.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structures of reference substances used for identification.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Example of DAD chromatogram for extract of salvia leaves in June dried naturally of the reference substances dissolved in methanol; (1) catechin 13C; (2) p-coumaric acid; (3) ferulic acid; (4) sinapinic acid; (5) hesperidin; (6) isorhamnetin.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Example of a TIC chromatogram for extract of salvia leaves dried naturally. The chromatogram was obtained for the maximum absorbing wavelength at each time point; (1) p-coumaric acid (m/z = 162.8/119.1) and its derivatives; (2) ferulic acid (m/z = 192.8/134.0); (3) catechin (m/z = 289.0/289.0) and its derivatives.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Example of chromatogram XIC obtained for a sample of extract of salvia harvest 1 drying naturally. The chromatogram was obtained for the maximum absorbing wavelength at each time point. (1) catechin C13 (IS) (m/z = 291.4/291.4); (2) hesperidin (m/z = 300.7/163.8); (3) quercethin (m/z = 301.03/178.9); (4) isorhamnetin (m/z = 314/300).
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