Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2020 Dec 18;12(12):805.
doi: 10.3390/toxins12120805.

Industrial Applications of Dinoflagellate Phycotoxins Based on Their Modes of Action: A Review

Kichul Cho  1 , Jina Heo  2 , Jinwook Han  1 , Hyun Dae Hong  1 , Hancheol Jeon  1 , Hyun-Ju Hwang  1 , Chang-Yu Hong  3 , Daekyung Kim  4 , Jong Won Han  1 , Kyunghwa Baek  1
Affiliations
Review

Industrial Applications of Dinoflagellate Phycotoxins Based on Their Modes of Action: A Review

Kichul Cho et al. Toxins (Basel). .

Abstract

Dinoflagellates are an important group of phytoplanktons, characterized by two dissimilar flagella and distinctive features of both plants and animals. Dinoflagellate-generated harmful algal blooms (HABs) and associated damage frequently occur in coastal areas, which are concomitant with increasing eutrophication and climate change derived from anthropogenic waste and atmospheric carbon dioxide, respectively. The severe damage and harmful effects of dinoflagellate phycotoxins in the fishing industry have been recognized over the past few decades, and the management and monitoring of HABs have attracted much attention, leaving aside the industrial application of their valuable toxins. Specific modes of action of the organisms' toxins can effectively be utilized for producing beneficial materials, such as Botox and other therapeutic agents. This review aims to explore the potential industrial applications of marine dinoflagellate phycotoxins; furthermore, this review focuses on their modes of action and summarizes the available knowledge on them.

Keywords: dinoflagellate; harmful algal bloom; industrial application; phycotoxins; red tide.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

    1. Heimann K., Huerlimann R. Handbook of Marine Microalgae. Academic Press; New York, NY, USA: 2015. Microalgal classification: Major classes and genera of commercial microalgal species; pp. 25–41.
    1. Gupta S.K., Ansari F.A., Shriwastav A., Sahoo N.K., Rawat I., Bux F. Dual role of Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus obliquus for comprehensive wastewater treatment and biomass production for bio-fuels. J. Clean. Prod. 2016;115:255–264. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.040. - DOI
    1. Moulton T.P., Borowitzka L.J., Vincent D.J. Twelfth International Seaweed Symposium. Springer; Dordrecht, The Netherlands: 1987. The mass culture of Dunaliella salina for β-carotene: From pilot plant to production plant; pp. 99–105.
    1. Priyadarshani I., Rath B. Commercial and industrial applications of micro algae—A review. J. Algal Biomass Utln. 2012;3:89–100.
    1. Pulz O., Gross W. Valuable products from biotechnology of microalgae. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2004;65:635–648. doi: 10.1007/s00253-004-1647-x. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types