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. 2020 Dec 18;6(4):378.
doi: 10.3390/jof6040378.

Characterization of Sporidiobolus ruineniae A45.2 Cultivated in Tannin Substrate for Use as a Potential Multifunctional Probiotic Yeast in Aquaculture

Apinun Kanpiengjai  1   2 , Chartchai Khanongnuch  3 , Saisamorn Lumyong  2   4   5 , Aksarakorn Kummasook  6 , Suwapat Kittibunchakul  7
Affiliations

Characterization of Sporidiobolus ruineniae A45.2 Cultivated in Tannin Substrate for Use as a Potential Multifunctional Probiotic Yeast in Aquaculture

Apinun Kanpiengjai et al. J Fungi (Basel). .

Abstract

At present, few yeast species have been evaluated for their beneficial capabilities as probiotics. Sporidiobolus ruineniae A45.2, a carotenoid-producing yeast, was able to co-produce cell-associated tannase (CAT), gallic acid and viable cells with antioxidant activity when grown in a tannic acid substrate. The aim of this research study was to identify the potential uses of S. ruineniae A45.2 obtained from a co-production system as a potential feed additive for aquaculture. S. ruineniae A45.2 and its CAT displayed high tolerance in pH 2.0, pepsin, bile salts and pancreatin. Furthermore, its viable cells were characterized by moderate hydrophobicity, high auto-aggregation and moderate co-aggregation with Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella ser. Thyphimurium and Streptococcus agalactiae. These attributes promoted S. ruineniae A45.2 as a multifunctional probiotic yeast. In addition, the intact cells possessed antioxidant activities in a 100-150 μg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mL culture. Remarkably, the fermentation broth demonstrated higher antioxidant activity of 9.2 ± 1.8, 9.0 ± 0.9, and 9.8 ± 0.7 mg GAE/mL culture after FRAP, DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. Furthermore, higher antimicrobial activity was observed against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Strep. agalactiae. Therefore, cultivation of S. ruineniae A45.2 with a tannic acid substrate displayed significant potential as an effective multifunctional feed additive.

Keywords: Sporidiobolus ruineniae; feed additive; probiotic; tannase; yeast.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect of pH 2.0 and pH 3.0 on (a) survival of S. ruineniae A45.2 and (b) residual CAT activity and effect of pepsin on (c) survival of S. ruineniae A45.2 and (d) residual CAT activity.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of bile salts on (a) survival of S. ruineniae A45.2 and (b) residual CAT activity and effect of pancreatin in combination with bile salts on (c) survival of S. ruineniae A45.2 and (d) residual CAT activity.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Adherence of (a) B. cereus, (b) E. coli, (c) Staph. aureus, (d) Sal. Thyphimurium, (e) L. monocytogenes and (f) Strep. agalactiae on yeast cell walls observed under a phase-contrast light microscope at 100× magnification.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Antimicrobial activity of cell-free extract of S. ruineniae A45.2 cultivated in tannic acid substrate at 30 °C for 24 (left) and 48 h (right) of cultivation against (a) B. cereus, (b) E. coli, (c) Staph. aureus, (d) Sal. Thyphimurium, (e) L. monocytogenes and (f) Strep. agalactiae compared to control (top) (50 μg/mL chloramphenicol)
Figure 5
Figure 5
Characterization of pigments produced by S. ruineniae A45.2 (a) Separation of pigments by HPLC and (b) TLC and (c) Visible absorption spectra of the major pigments.
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