Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Jul-Sep;45(3):348-352.
doi: 10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_378_19. Epub 2020 Sep 1.

The Hindi Version of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form: Reliability and Validity Assessment

Saurav Basu  1 , Suneela Garg  1 , Akashdeep Sharma  1 , Ekta Arora  1 , M Meghachandra Singh  1
Affiliations

The Hindi Version of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form: Reliability and Validity Assessment

Saurav Basu et al. Indian J Community Med. 2020 Jul-Sep.

Abstract

Background: Despite the cultural sanctity and elevation of breastfeeding practices, nearly one in two Indian women nationwide are unable to practice exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Early identification of mothers at risk of reduced breastfeeding through a suitable instrument can enable targeted interventions for breastfeeding support.

Objectives: We conducted this study with the objectives of translation into Hindi and to psychometrically test the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) and to ascertain the sociodemographic and other correlates of breastfeeding self-efficacy.

Methods: The BSES-SF was translated into Hindi using a back and forth translation process to ensure linguistic validity. We enrolled a total of 210 married women who were mothers of infants at an urban primary health center in Delhi, India.

Results: The Cronbach's alpha for the Hindi translation of the BSES-SF was 0.87 with all except one correlation coefficient <0.3. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis using principal component analysis that revealed a two-component solution, which explained 47.9% and 16.7% of the total variance, respectively. Mothers perceiving higher social support registered significantly higher mean BSES-SF scores, indicating a greater confidence in their breastfeeding abilities (P = 0.01). However, breastfeeding self-efficacy was unrelated to the mother's age, parity, and education. The women planning to breastfeed partially had lower BSES-SF scores compared to the woman adhering to EBF norms (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: The Hindi version of the BSES-SF demonstrates good reliability and validity and can also explain previous and planned breastfeeding behavior in mothers of infants.

Keywords: Breast feeding self-efficacy; Hindi version; India; breastfeeding.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

References

    1. Hoddinott P, Tappin D, Wright C. Breast feeding. BMJ. 2008;336:881–7. - PMC - PubMed
    1. World Health Organization. UNICEF. Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding. World Health Organization. 2003. [Last accessed on 2020 May 25]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42590/9241562218.pdf;js... .
    1. Edmond K, Bahl R. Optimal Feeding of Low-Birth-Weight Infants: Technical Review. Geneva: WHO; 2006. [Last accessed on 2020 May 25]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43602/9789241595094_eng... .
    1. Henderson G, Anthony MY, McGuire W. Formula milk versus maternal breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007:CD002972. - PubMed
    1. American Academy of Pediatrics. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2012;129:827–41. - PubMed