Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Multicenter Study
. 2020 Nov-Dec;72(6):552-556.
doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.09.011. Epub 2020 Sep 18.

Gender differences in the epidemiology of Rheumatic Fever/Rheumatic heart disease (RF/RHD) patient population of hill state of northern India; 9 years prospective hospital based, HP-RHD registry

Prakash Chand Negi  1 , Arvind Kandoria  2 , Sanjeev Asotra  2 , Neeraj Kumar Ganju  2 , Rajeev Merwaha  2 , Rajesh Sharma  2 , Kunal Mahajan  2 , Shivani Rao  2
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Gender differences in the epidemiology of Rheumatic Fever/Rheumatic heart disease (RF/RHD) patient population of hill state of northern India; 9 years prospective hospital based, HP-RHD registry

Prakash Chand Negi et al. Indian Heart J. 2020 Nov-Dec.

Abstract

Objectives: We report the gender-based differences in the prevalence, severity, pattern of valvular involvement, and complications in patients with Rheumatic Fever/Rheumatic heart disease (RF/RHD).

Methods: The 2475 consecutive patients with RF/RHD diagnosed using clinical and echocardiographic criteria were registered prospectively from January 2011 till December 2019. The association of gender with the pattern of valvular involvement, nature, and severity of valvular dysfunction and cardiovascular complications was analyzed using a logistic regression model, and odds ratios with 95% CI were estimated.

Results: The mitral and tricuspid valve involvement was significantly lower in the male gender, odds ratio with 95% CI of 0.55 (0.44-0.61), and 0.69 (0.58-0.83) respectively, while the aortic valve was affected more frequently than females, odds ratio 1.36 (1.14-1.62). The severity of valvular disease had no significant association with gender, 0.99 (0.82-1.20). The association between gender and cardiovascular complications, heart failure, stroke, and atrial fibrillations were not statistically significant. The prevalence of RF/RHD was more than two-fold higher in female gender than male (71.4% vs. 29.6%, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions: RF/RHD is more prevalent in females. Gender has a significant association with the pattern of valvular involvement. The severity of valvular dysfunction and cardiovascular complications had no significant association with gender.

Keywords: Adverse cardiovascular events; Epidemiology; Gender; Prevalence; Rheumatic fever; Rheumatic heart diseases.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest All authors have none to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Trends of distribution of Mitral regurgitation (MR), mitral stenosis (MS), across the age groups in male and female genders.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Trends of distribution of aortic regurgitation (AR), aortic stenosis (AS), across age groups in male and female genders.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Lozano R., Naghavi M., Foreman K. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2095–2128. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0. [published correction appears in Lancet. 2013 Feb 23;381(9867):628. AlMazroa, Mohammad A [added]; Memish, Ziad A [added]] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Carapetis J.R., Steer A.C., Mulholland E.K., Weber M. The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5(11):685–694. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70267-X. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Eaton W.W., Rose N.R., Kalaydjian A., Pedersen M.G., Mortensen P.B. Epidemiology of autoimmune diseases in Denmark. J Autoimmun. 2007;29(1):1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2007.05.002. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Biver E., Beague V., Verloop D. Low and stable prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in northern France. Joint Bone Spine. 2009;76(5):497–500. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2009.03.013. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Lawrence J.G., Carapetis J.R., Griffiths K. Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: incidence and progression in the Northern Territory of Australia, 1997 to 2010. Circulation. 2013;128(5):492–501. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001477. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types