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Observational Study
. 2021 Jan-Feb;15(1):169-175.
doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.12.029. Epub 2020 Dec 17.

High prevalence of diabetes and other comorbidities in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Delhi, India, and their association with outcomes

Ambrish Mithal  1 , Ganesh Jevalikar  2 , Rutuja Sharma  2 , Anshu Singh  2 , Khalid J Farooqui  2 , Shama Mahendru  2 , Aishwarya Krishnamurthy  2 , Arun Dewan  3 , Sandeep Budhiraja  3
Affiliations
Observational Study

High prevalence of diabetes and other comorbidities in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Delhi, India, and their association with outcomes

Ambrish Mithal et al. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021 Jan-Feb.

Abstract

Background and aims: To study the prevalence and impact of diabetes mellitus and other comorbidities among hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Methods: In a prospective, observational study including consecutive adults hospitalized with COVID-19, clinical outcomes and inflammatory markers were compared in those with and without diabetes. Participants were classified as having mild or severe COVID-19 disease using the WHO ordinal scale.

Results: 401 patients (125 females) with median age of 54 years (range 19-92) were evaluated. Of them 189 (47.1%) had pre-existing diabetes and21 (5.2%) had new-onset hyperglycaemia. Overall, 344 (85.8%) and 57 (14.2%) cases had mild and severe COVID-19 disease respectively. The group with diabetes had a higher proportion of severe cases (20.1% vs 9%, p-0.002), mortality (6.3 vs 1.4%, p-0.015), ICU admission (24.3 vs 12.3%, p-0.002), and oxygen requirement (53.4 vs 28.3%, p < 0.001). Baseline Hba1c (n = 331) correlated significantly with outcome severity scores (r 0.136, p-0.013) and 12/15 (80%) of those who succumbed had diabetes. Hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic kidney disease were present in 164 (40.9%), 35 (8.7%) and 12 (2.99%) patients respectively. Hypertension was associated with a higher proportion of severe cases, mortality, ICU admission and oxygen administration.

Conclusions: We report a high prevalence of diabetes in a hospitalized COVID-19 population. Patients with diabetes or hypertension had more severe disease and greater mortality.

Keywords: COVID 19; Diabetes mellitus; Disease severity; Hypertension; Mortality.

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