Food consumption behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

We conducted an online consumer survey in May 2020 in two major metropolitan areas in the United States to investigate food shopping behaviors and consumption during the pandemic lockdown caused by COVID-19. The results of this study parallel many of the headlines in the popular press at the time. We found that about three-quarters of respondents were simply buying the food they could get due to out of stock situations and about half the participants bought more food than usual. As a result of foodservice closures, consumers indicated purchasing more groceries than normal. Consumers attempted to avoid shopping in stores, relying heavily on grocery delivery and pick-up services during the beginning of the pandemic when no clear rules were in place. Results show a 255% increase in the number of households that use grocery pickup as a shopping method and a 158% increase in households that utilize grocery delivery services. The spike in pickup and delivery program participation can be explained by consumers fearing COVID-19 and feeling unsafe. Food consumption patterns for major food groups seemed to stay the same for the majority of participants, but a large share indicated that they had been snacking more since the beginning of the pandemic which was offset by a sharp decline in fast food consumption.

Keywords: coronavirus; delivery; food consumption; grocery shopping; pandemic; pick‐up.

Figure 1

Changes in food shopping behaviors during COVID‐19. Question: Since COVID‐19 started, have you… Participants could enter multiple answers. Participants could enter N/A

Figure 2

Participation in grocery delivery and pick‐up before and since COVID‐19 (%). Question: Have you participated in… Participants could enter multiple answers. Participants could enter N/A

Figure 3

Delivery and pick‐up programs used (%). Question: In which grocery delivery or grocery pick‐up programs are you participating? Participants could enter multiple answers

Figure 4

Reasons to participate in grocery pick‐up or delivery programs. Question: What are reasons that you participate in grocery pick‐up or delivery programs?. Participants could enter multiple answers. Participants could enter N/A. Note the category “other” (note specified) was chosen by 32.1% (n = 190)

Figure 5

Take‐out and delivery usage before COVID‐19 (%). Question: Before COVID‐19, how often did you usually

Figure 6

Changes in dietary patterns during COVID‐19 (% of respondents). Question:How much has your diet changed since COVID‐19 started?. Participants could enter multiple answers. y‐axis indicates percentage of respondents who selected each response while data labels indicate number of respondents (total number of survey particiapnts = 861)