Safety culture transformation-The impact of training on explicit and implicit safety attitudes
- PMID: 33362405
- PMCID: PMC7753658
- DOI: 10.1002/hfm.20879
Safety culture transformation-The impact of training on explicit and implicit safety attitudes
Abstract
The present paper investigates the changeability of safety culture elements such as explicit and implicit safety attitudes by training. Therefore, three studies with different time frames, training durations, and settings will be presented. In the first study, the short-term attitude change of students from an international environmental sciences study program was measured after safety training in a chemical laboratory. In the second study, the medium-term attitude change was assessed after a Crew Resource Management training for German production workers in the automotive industry. In the third study, the long-term attitude changes were measured after safety ethics training in a sample of German occupational psychology and business students. Different self-report measures were used to evaluate the training effectiveness of explicit safety attitudes. The change of implicit safety attitudes was assessed by Implicit Association Tests. The results of all three studies revealed a significant training effect on the explicit safety attitudes, but not on the implicit ones. Besides the training effect on the explicit attitudes, there was no effect of time frame (short-, medium-, long-term), training duration (2 h, 2 days, 12 weeks), and setting (chemical laboratory, automotive industry, safety ethics study program) on the attitude change. Based on the results, conceptual, methodological, and practical implications for training effectiveness and safety culture transformation are discussed.
Keywords: Crew Resource Management training; Implicit Association Test; attitude change; evaluation; implicit attitudes; safety culture; safety training; social cognition.
© 2020 The Authors. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare that there are no conflict of interests.
Figures

Similar articles
-
Testing the effects of explicit and implicit bidimensional attitudes on objectively measured speeding behaviour.Br J Soc Psychol. 2018 Jul;57(3):630-651. doi: 10.1111/bjso.12255. Epub 2018 Mar 30. Br J Soc Psychol. 2018. PMID: 29601645 Free PMC article.
-
Exploring the impact of training on explicit and implicit attitudes toward autism spectrum disorder and physical disabilities in university students.Res Dev Disabil. 2025 Sep;164:105068. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2025.105068. Epub 2025 Jun 10. Res Dev Disabil. 2025. PMID: 40499453
-
Does the discrepancy between implicit and explicit attitudes moderate the relationships between explicit attitude and (intention to) being physically active?BMC Psychol. 2019 Aug 7;7(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s40359-019-0322-z. BMC Psychol. 2019. PMID: 31391101 Free PMC article.
-
Associative and propositional processes in evaluation: an integrative review of implicit and explicit attitude change.Psychol Bull. 2006 Sep;132(5):692-731. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.132.5.692. Psychol Bull. 2006. PMID: 16910748 Review.
-
Implicit Social Cognition.Annu Rev Psychol. 2020 Jan 4;71:419-445. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050837. Epub 2019 Oct 22. Annu Rev Psychol. 2020. PMID: 31640465 Review.
Cited by
-
Integrated Approach for Safety Culture Factor Evaluation from a Sustainability Perspective.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Sep 20;19(19):11869. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191911869. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022. PMID: 36231166 Free PMC article.
-
Towards Safer Spaces: An Empirical Investigation of Trainee Psychological Safety Within Academic Medical Centers.Adv Med Educ Pract. 2024 Nov 8;15:1079-1092. doi: 10.2147/AMEP.S477654. eCollection 2024. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2024. PMID: 39534848 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Aggarwal, R. , Mytton, O. T. , Derbrew, M. , Hananel, D. , Heydenburg, M. , Issenberg, B. , MacAulay, C. , Mancini, M. E. , Morimoto, T. , Soper, N. , Ziv, A. , & Reznick, R. (2010). Training and simulation for patient safety. Quality & Safety in Health Care, 19(2), i34–i43. 10.1136/qshc.2009.038562 - DOI - PubMed
-
- Barsuk, J. H. , McGaghie, W. C. , Cohen, E. R. , O'Leary, K. J. , & Wayne, D. B. (2009). Simulation‐based mastery learning reduces complications during central venous catheter insertion in a medical intensive care unit. Critical Care Medicine, 37(10), 2697–2701. 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181a57bc1 - DOI - PubMed
-
- Berger, J. (2020). Implicit attitudes and awareness. Synthese, 197, 1291–1312. 10.1007/s11229-018-1754-3 - DOI
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources