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. 2020 Jul 2:28:63-75.
doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.06.025. eCollection 2021 Feb.

Biogenic platinum from agricultural wastes extract for improved methanol oxidation reaction in direct methanol fuel cell

N A I M Ishak  1 , S K Kamarudin  1   2 , S N Timmiati  1 , N A Karim  1 , S Basri  1
Affiliations

Biogenic platinum from agricultural wastes extract for improved methanol oxidation reaction in direct methanol fuel cell

N A I M Ishak et al. J Adv Res. .

Abstract

Platinum is the most commonly used catalyst in fuel cell application. However, platinum is very expensive, thus limits the commercialisation of fuel cell system due to the cost factor. This study introduces a biosynthesis platinum from plant extracts that can reduce the cost of platinum production compared to the conventional method and the hazardous during the production of the catalyst. The biogenic platinum was tested on a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell. Advanced biogenic of Pt nano-cluster was synthesized through a novel and facile of one-pot synthesis bio-reduction derived from natural source in the form of plant extracts as reducing agent. Several selected plant extracts drawn from agricultural waste such as banana peel, pineapple peels and sugarcane bagasse extracts were comparatively evaluated on the ability of phytochemical sources of polyphenols rich for the development of single-step synthesis for Pt NPs. Notably, the biogenic Pt NPs from sugar cane bagasse has superior electro-catalytic activity, the enhanced utilization efficiency of Pt and appreciable stability towards methanol oxidation reaction, whose ECSA value approximates 94.58 m2g-1, mass activity/specific activity (398.20 mAmg-1/0.8471 mA/cm2 Pt) which greater than commercial Pt black (158.12 mAmg-1/1.41 mA/cm2 Pt).

Keywords: Agriculture Waste; Biogenic Platinum; Catalyst; Direct Methanol fuel cell.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
UV–Visible spectra of aqueous H2PtCl6·6H2O and colloidal Pt-NPs reduced by plant extracts.
Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Mechanism proposed for NPs synthesis method using plant extracts.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
FTIR spectra of (a) Pt NPs with sugarcane bagasse extract, (b) Pt NPs with pineapple peel extract (c) Pt NPs with banana peel extract.
Scheme 2
Scheme 2
Biomolecule constituents of plant extracts involve in simultaneously chemical reduction of Pt NPs using the polyphenolic compounds such as hydroxycinnamic acids, tricin-7-O-beta-(6′-methoxycinnamic)-glucoside, caffeic acid and flavonoids like apigenin as the potent antioxidants of Saccharum officinarum L. bagasse extract.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
XRD pattern of biogenic PtNPs using of Saccharum officinarum L., Musa paradisiaca, Ananas comosus L. and extract comply with reference standard of JCPDS file No. 04-0802 of pure Pt.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
(a, b, c) FESEM images with EDX spectrum quantitative analysis synthesized PtNPs using (a) Saccharum officinarum L., (b) Ananas comosus L. and (c) Musa paradisiaca aqueous broth extract.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Show TEM image of synthesized PtNPs by plant extracts of (a) Saccharum officinarum L., (b) Ananas comosus L. and (c) Musa paradisiaca aqueous broth extract.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
TGA/DSC termogram of synthesized biogenic Pt NPs of (a) Saccharum officinarum L., (b) Ananas comosus L. and (c) Musa paradisiaca aqueous broth extract.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
(a) Represent the H2 absorption and desorption of Pt catalyst in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte at 50 mV/s; (b, c) CV curves in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1.0 M CH3OH aqueous at 50 mV/s and (d) histogram of mass activity and specific activity for biogenic electrocatalyst Pt NPs.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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