Endurance Exercise Mitigates Immunometabolic Adipose Tissue Disturbances in Cancer and Obesity

Abstract

Adipose tissue is considered an endocrine organ whose complex biology can be explained by the diversity of cell types that compose this tissue. The immune cells found in the stromal portion of adipose tissue play an important role on the modulation of inflammation by adipocytokines secretion. The interactions between metabolic active tissues and immune cells, called immunometabolism, is an important field for discovering new pathways and approaches to treat immunometabolic diseases, such as obesity and cancer. Moreover, physical exercise is widely known as a tool for prevention and adjuvant treatment on metabolic diseases. More specifically, aerobic exercise training is able to increase the energy expenditure, reduce the nutrition overload and modify the profile of adipocytokines and myokines with paracrine and endocrine effects. Therefore, our aim in this review was to cover the effects of aerobic exercise training on the immunometabolism of adipose tissue in obesity and cancer, focusing on the exercise-related modification on adipose tissue or immune cells isolated as well as their interaction.

Keywords: adipocytokines; immune cell; immunometabolism; low grade inflammation; physical activity.

Figure 1

Aerobic exercise training effects on adipose tissue alterations related to obesity and cancer. IL-6 = interleukin 6; FA = fatty acids; MCP-1 = monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; NK = natural killer; AMPK = 5’ AMP-activated protein kinase; MDSCs = myeloid-derived suppressor cells; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor; IL-8 = Interleukin-8; TNF-α = tumour necrosis factor alpha. Created with BioRender.com.