Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Editorial
. 2020 Dec 21;10(12):2455.
doi: 10.3390/ani10122455.

Are Animal Models Needed to Discover, Develop and Test Pharmaceutical Drugs for Humans in the 21st Century?

Affiliations
Editorial

Are Animal Models Needed to Discover, Develop and Test Pharmaceutical Drugs for Humans in the 21st Century?

Pandora Pound. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

Despite many decades of research, much of which has focused on studies in animals, we humans continue to suffer from multiple diseases for which there are no cures or treatments [...].

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The author declares no conflict of interest.

References

    1. Ferreira G.S., Veening-Griffioen D.H., Boon W.P.C., Moors E.H.M., van Meer P.J.K. Levelling the translational gap for animal to human efficacy data. Animals. 2020;10:1199. doi: 10.3390/ani10071199. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Leenaars C., Stafleu F., de Jong D., van Berlo M., Geurts T., Coenen-De Roo T., Prins J.-B., Kempkes R., Elzinga J., Bleich A., et al. A systematic review comparing experimental design of animal and human methotrexate efficacy studies for rheumatoid arthritis: Lessons for the translational value of animal studies. Animals. 2020;10:1047. doi: 10.3390/ani10061047. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Pistollato F., Bernasconi C., McCarthy J., Campia I., Desaintes C., Wittwehr C., Deceuninck P., Whelann M. Alzheimer’s Disease, and Breast and Prostate Cancer Research: Translational Failures and the Importance to Monitor Outputs and Impact of Funded Research. Animals. 2020;10:1194. doi: 10.3390/ani10071194. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Marshall L.J., Triunfol M., Seidle T. Patient-Derived Xenograft vs. Organoids: A Preliminary Analysis of Cancer Research Output, Funding and Human Health Impact in 2014–2019. Animals. 2020;10:1923. doi: 10.3390/ani10101923. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Movia D., Prina-Mello A. Preclinical development of orally inhaled drugs (Oids)—Are animal models predictive or shall we move towards in vitro non-animal models? Animals. 2020;10:1259. doi: 10.3390/ani10081259. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources