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. 2020 Dec 24;9(1):8.
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9010008.

Similarities and Differences in Extracellular Vesicle Profiles between Ischaemic Stroke and Myocardial Infarction

Laura Otero-Ortega  1 , Elisa Alonso-López  1 , María Pérez-Mato  1 , Fernando Laso-García  1 , Mari Carmen Gómez-de Frutos  1 , Luke Diekhorst  1 , María Laura García-Bermejo  2 , Elisa Conde-Moreno  2 , Blanca Fuentes  1 , María Alonso de Leciñana  1 , Eduardo Armada  3 , Lorena Buiza-Palomino  4 , Exuperio Díez-Tejedor  1 , María Gutiérrez-Fernández  1
Affiliations

Similarities and Differences in Extracellular Vesicle Profiles between Ischaemic Stroke and Myocardial Infarction

Laura Otero-Ortega et al. Biomedicines. .

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in intercellular signalling through the transfer of molecules during physiological and pathological conditions, such as ischaemic disease. EVs might therefore play a role in ischaemic stroke (IS) and myocardial infarction (MI). In the present study, we analysed the similarities and differences in the content of circulating EVs in patients with IS and MI. This prospective observational study enrolled 140 participants (81 patients with IS, 37 with MI and 22 healthy controls [HCs]). We analysed the protein and microRNA content from EVs using proteomics and reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and compared it between the groups. In the patients with IS and MI, we identified 14 common proteins. When comparing IS and MI, we found differences in the protein profiles (apolipoprotein B, alpha-2-macroglobulin, fibronectin). We also found lower levels of miR-340 and miR-424 and higher levels of miR-29b in the patients with IS and MI compared with the HCs. Lastly, we found higher miR-340 levels in IS than in MI. In conclusion, proteomic and miRNA analyses suggest a relationship between circulating EV content and the patient's disease state. Although IS and MI affect different organs (brain and heart) with distinct histological characteristics, certain EV proteins and miRNAs appear to participate in both diseases, while others are present only in patients with IS.

Keywords: exosomes; extracellular vesicles; ischaemia; miRNAs; myocardial infarction; proteins; stroke.

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Conflict of interest statement

None of the authors have any potential conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Collection and analysis of extracellular vesicles. (A) The number of patients from whom serum EVs were isolated. Characterization of EVs by size (B), EV phenotype by western blot (C) and their morphology by electron microscopy (D). Abbreviations: EVs, extracellular vesicles; HC, healthy controls; IS, ischaemic stroke; MI, myocardial infarction; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PBS, phosphate buffered saline.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry in extracellular vesicles. (A) Proteins identified in our experiments that have been previously found in the latest version of the human protein record in Vesiclepedia. (B) The 10 enriched proteins and their GO terms in the EV proteome from HC, IS, and MI. Comparison analysis for GO: biological process, cellular component and molecular function. Blue indicates whether the term is 2-fold more enriched in this group. (C) Interactions between the proteins identified in common for the IS and MI groups. Abbreviations: GO, gene ontology; HC, healthy controls; IS, ischaemic stroke; MI, myocardial infarction.
Figure 3
Figure 3
MiRNA expression in serum. MiRNAs with significant differences in expression identified after validation with qPCR. Abbreviations: HC, healthy controls; IS, ischaemic stroke; MI, myocardial infarction; CT, cycle threshold. Statistically significant values (p < 0.05) are indicated with an asterisk. * p < 0.05.
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