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Review
. 2020 Dec 23;10(1):15.
doi: 10.3390/jcm10010015.

Cannabis Use, Cannabis Use Disorder, and Comorbid Psychiatric Illness: A Narrative Review

Deborah Hasin  1   2 , Claire Walsh  1
Affiliations
Review

Cannabis Use, Cannabis Use Disorder, and Comorbid Psychiatric Illness: A Narrative Review

Deborah Hasin et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Background: The landscape of attitudes, legal status and patterns of use of cannabis is rapidly changing in the United States and elsewhere. Therefore, the primary aim of this narrative review is to provide a concise overview of the literature on the comorbidity of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) with other substance use and psychiatric disorders, and to use this information to accurately guide future directions for the field.

Methods: A literature review of PubMed was conducted for studies relating to cannabis use, CUD, and a co-occurring psychiatric disorder. To provide an overview of representative data, the literature review focused on national-level, population-based work from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) and National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) surveys. Considering rapidly changing cannabis laws, recent (past five-year) studies were addressed.

Results: A strong body of literature shows associations between cannabis use and CUD with other drug use, psychosis, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and personality disorders. The strongest evidence of a potential causal relationship exists between cannabis use and psychotic disorders. While some evidence shows potential directionality between cannabis use and mood and anxiety disorders, results are inconsistent. Studies have established higher rates of CUD among those with personality disorders, but little about the specifics of this relationship is understood.

Conclusions: Although the general population in the United States increasingly perceives cannabis to be a harmless substance, empirical evidence shows that cannabis use is associated both with CUD and comorbid psychiatric illness. However, there is mixed evidence regarding the role of cannabis in the etiology, course, and prognosis of a co-occurring disorder across all categories of psychiatric disorders. Future research should expand on the existing body of literature with representative, longitudinal data, in order to better understand the acute and long-term effects of cannabis on comorbid psychiatric illness.

Keywords: cannabis; cannabis use disorder; co-occurring disorder; comorbidity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PubMed search strategy to identify studies or meta-analyses with data on cannabis use, cannabis use disorder (CUD), and a co-occurring disorder.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. Home Office of the Government of the United Kingdom. Seizures of Drugs in England and Wales, Financial Year Ending 2019 Second Edition. [(accessed on 11 August 2020)];2019 Available online: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploa....

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