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Review
. 2020 Dec 23;11(1):13.
doi: 10.3390/nano11010013.

Black Phosphorus as Multifaceted Advanced Material Nanoplatforms for Potential Biomedical Applications

Abhijeet Pandey  1 , Ajinkya N Nikam  1 , Gasper Fernandes  1 , Sanjay Kulkarni  1 , Bharath Singh Padya  1 , Ruth Prassl  2 , Subham Das  3 , Alex Joseph  3 , Prashant K Deshmukh  4 , Pravin O Patil  5 , Srinivas Mutalik  1
Affiliations
Review

Black Phosphorus as Multifaceted Advanced Material Nanoplatforms for Potential Biomedical Applications

Abhijeet Pandey et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). .

Abstract

Black phosphorus is one of the emerging members of two-dimensional (2D) materials which has recently entered the biomedical field. Its anisotropic properties and infrared bandgap have enabled researchers to discover its applicability in several fields including optoelectronics, 3D printing, bioimaging, and others. Characterization techniques such as Raman spectroscopy have revealed the structural information of Black phosphorus (BP) along with its fundamental properties, such as the behavior of its photons and electrons. The present review provides an overview of synthetic approaches and properties of BP, in addition to a detailed discussion about various types of surface modifications available for overcoming the stability-related drawbacks and for imparting targeting ability to synthesized nanoplatforms. The review further gives an overview of multiple characterization techniques such as spectroscopic, thermal, optical, and electron microscopic techniques for providing an insight into its fundamental properties. These characterization techniques are not only important for the analysis of the synthesized BP but also play a vital role in assessing the doping as well as the structural integrity of BP-based nanocomposites. The potential role of BP and BP-based nanocomposites for biomedical applications specifically, in the fields of drug delivery, 3D printing, and wound dressing, have been discussed in detail to provide an insight into the multifunctional role of BP-based nanoplatforms for the management of various diseases, including cancer therapy. The review further sheds light on the role of BP-based 2D platforms such as BP nanosheets along with BP-based 0D platforms-i.e., BP quantum dots in the field of therapy and bioimaging of cancer using techniques such as photoacoustic imaging and fluorescence imaging. Although the review inculcates the multimodal therapeutic as well as imaging role of BP, there is still research going on in this field which will help in the development of BP-based theranostic platforms not only for cancer therapy, but various other diseases.

Keywords: 3D printing; bioimaging; characterization; surface modification; wound healing.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of various synthesis strategies for fabricating two-dimensional (2D) materials.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mitochondrial Targeting Peptide (MTP)-functionalized BP nanosheets for enhanced tumor accumulation and mitochondria targeting.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Modified cisplatin surface-modified BP nanosheet for synergistic chemotherapy and phototherapy.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Aptamer-functionalized BP sensing platform for detection of Myoglobin.
Figure 5
Figure 5
TEM image of (A) pristine BP nanosheet, and (B) BP@MS (Mesoporous silica). Reproduced with permission from [81]; Copyright Elsevier, 2020.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Schematic representation of BP-SrCl2/poly D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) synthesis and its therapeutic application in bone regeneration.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Schematic representation of red phosphorus (RP)-p-Poly-L-lysine (PLL)-coated BP nanosheet (BPNS) synthesis and its therapeutic application in cancer imaging and therapy.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Schematic representation enumerating Near infrared region (NIR)-mediated controlled release of O2 for wound healing using microneedles encapsulating BPNS and Hb.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Schematic representation of Lf@BP-Pae synthesis and its therapeutic application in treatment of Parkinson disease.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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