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. 2020 Dec 15:7:593436.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.593436. eCollection 2020.

Metabolite Fingerprinting of Kersting's Groundnut [ Macrotyloma geocarpum (Harms) Maréchal & Baudet] Seeds Using UPLC-qTOF-MS Reveals the Nutraceutical and Antioxidant Potentials of the Orphan Legume

Armelle Tontsa Tsamo  1   2 , Mustapha Mohammed  2   3 , Felix Dapare Dakora  2
Affiliations

Metabolite Fingerprinting of Kersting's Groundnut [ Macrotyloma geocarpum (Harms) Maréchal & Baudet] Seeds Using UPLC-qTOF-MS Reveals the Nutraceutical and Antioxidant Potentials of the Orphan Legume

Armelle Tontsa Tsamo et al. Front Nutr. .

Abstract

The identification and subsequent quantification of phenolic compounds in plants is the first step toward harnessing their associated nutritional and health benefits. Due to their diverse phenolic compound compositions, grain legumes are known for their high nutritional and health values. The aim of this study was to assess the inter-variations in chemical composition, phytochemical content, and antioxidant capacity of seed extracts from eight Kersting's groundnut [Macrotyloma geocarpum (Harms) Marechal & Baudet] landraces. The chemical profiles were evaluated using UPLC-qTOF-MS. Total phenolics and flavonoids content were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. The antioxidant capacities in the forms of DPPH and ABTS were evaluated using spectrophotometric methods. Principal component analysis was used to define similarities/differences between the landraces. Based on untargeted metabolomics analysis, 57 metabolites were identified, with phenolics, triterpenes, fatty acids, and sphingolipids being the most predominant. The results showed that the black seeded KG1 (Puffeun) had the highest total phenolic (9.44 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (3.01 mg QE/g) contents, as well as antioxidant capacity (9.17 μg/mL and 18.44 μg/mL based on DDPH and ABTS assays, respectively). The concentrations of ferulic acid hexoside, procyanidin B2, eryodictyiol-7-rutinoside and quercetin pentoside ranged from 51.78-441.31, 1.86-18.25, 3.26-13.95 to 5.44-63.85 μg/mg, respectively. This study presents a useful report on the phytochemical characterization of Kersting's groundnuts and shows that the grains can be used as a source of nutraceuticals for human consumption.

Keywords: Macrotyloma geocarpum; UPLC-qTOF-MS; antioxidants; fatty acids; flavonoids; phenolic compounds; sphingolipids; underutilized legumes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A representative UPLC-qTOF-MS fingerprint analysis of the black seeded Kersting's groundnut [Puffeun (KG1)] seed extract in negative ionization mode. Each peak represents individual compound identified, with details provided in Table 2.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Principal component analysis of eight Kersting's groundnut (KG) landraces analyzed using UPLC-qTOF-MS. (A) Score plot of PC1 vs. PC2 scores; (B) Loadings plot for PC1.
Figure 3
Figure 3
A dendrogram of Kersting's groundnut (KG) landraces based on group cluster analysis, using MS chemical profiles as analytical data. The MS chemical profiles of three replicate samples per landrace were used for the analysis. The name of each landrace is followed by a hyphen (-), and then the replicate number 1, 2 or 3.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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