Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update

Stany Perkisas^{1

2

3}, Sophie Bastijns⁴, Stéphane Baudry^{5

6}, Jürgen Bauer⁷, Charlotte Beaudart^{8

9

6}, David Beckwée^{10

11}, Alfonso Cruz-Jentoft¹², Jerzy Gasowski¹³, Hans Hobbelen^{14

15}, Harriët Jager-Wittenaar^{16

17}, Agnieszka Kasiukiewicz¹⁸, Francesco Landi¹⁹, Magdalena Małek¹³, Ester Marco²⁰, Anna Maria Martone¹⁹, Ana Merello de Miguel¹², Karolina Piotrowicz¹³, Elisabet Sanchez¹², Dolores Sanchez-Rodriguez^{8

21}, Aldo Scafoglieri^{22

6}, Maurits Vandewoude^{4

6}, Veronique Verhoeven²³, Zyta Beata Wojszel¹⁸, Anne-Marie De Cock^{4

23}

Affiliations

¹ University Center of Geriatrics, University of Antwerp, Leopoldstraat 26, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium. Stany.perkisas@zna.be.
² First Line and Interdisciplinary Care Medicine, ELIZA, University of Antwerp, 2650, Edegem, Belgium. Stany.perkisas@zna.be.
³ Belgian Ageing Muscle Society, Liège, Belgium. Stany.perkisas@zna.be.
⁴ University Center of Geriatrics, University of Antwerp, Leopoldstraat 26, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.
⁵ Laboratory of Applied Biology and Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiologie (LAB Neuro), Belgian Ageing Muscle Society, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
⁶ Belgian Ageing Muscle Society, Liège, Belgium.
⁷ Department of Geriatric Medicine, Carl von Ossietzky University, Klinikum, Oldenburg, Germany.
⁸ World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
⁹ Department of Health Services Research, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
¹⁰ Rehabilitation Sciences Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
¹¹ Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
¹² Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
¹³ Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
¹⁴ Healthy Lifestyle, Ageing and Healthcare Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Centre of Expertise Healthy Ageing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
¹⁵ Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
¹⁶ Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
¹⁷ Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
¹⁸ Department of Geriatrics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland.
¹⁹ Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
²⁰ Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Parc de Salut Mar, Rehabilitation Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
²¹ Geriatrics Department, Rehabilitation Research Group, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
²² Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
²³ First Line and Interdisciplinary Care Medicine, ELIZA, University of Antwerp, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.

PMID: 33387359
DOI: 10.1007/s41999-020-00433-9

Review

Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update

Stany Perkisas et al. Eur Geriatr Med. 2021 Feb.

. 2021 Feb;12(1):45-59.

doi: 10.1007/s41999-020-00433-9. Epub 2021 Jan 2.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ University Center of Geriatrics, University of Antwerp, Leopoldstraat 26, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium. Stany.perkisas@zna.be.
² First Line and Interdisciplinary Care Medicine, ELIZA, University of Antwerp, 2650, Edegem, Belgium. Stany.perkisas@zna.be.
³ Belgian Ageing Muscle Society, Liège, Belgium. Stany.perkisas@zna.be.
⁴ University Center of Geriatrics, University of Antwerp, Leopoldstraat 26, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.
⁵ Laboratory of Applied Biology and Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiologie (LAB Neuro), Belgian Ageing Muscle Society, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
⁶ Belgian Ageing Muscle Society, Liège, Belgium.
⁷ Department of Geriatric Medicine, Carl von Ossietzky University, Klinikum, Oldenburg, Germany.
⁸ World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
⁹ Department of Health Services Research, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
¹⁰ Rehabilitation Sciences Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
¹¹ Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
¹² Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
¹³ Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
¹⁴ Healthy Lifestyle, Ageing and Healthcare Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Centre of Expertise Healthy Ageing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
¹⁵ Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
¹⁶ Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
¹⁷ Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
¹⁸ Department of Geriatrics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland.
¹⁹ Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
²⁰ Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Parc de Salut Mar, Rehabilitation Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
²¹ Geriatrics Department, Rehabilitation Research Group, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
²² Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
²³ First Line and Interdisciplinary Care Medicine, ELIZA, University of Antwerp, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.

PMID: 33387359
DOI: 10.1007/s41999-020-00433-9

Abstract

Purpose: In 2018, the SARCUS working group published a first article on the standardization of the use of ultrasound to assess muscle. Recommendations were made for patient positioning, system settings and components to be measured. Also, shortcomings in knowledge were mentioned. An important issue that still required standardization was the definition of anatomical landmarks for many muscles.

Methods: A systematic search was performed in Medline, SCOPUS and Web of Sciences looking for all articles describing the use of ultrasound in the assessment of muscle not described in the first recommendations, published from 01/01/2018 until 31/01/2020. All relevant terms used for older people, ultrasound and muscles were used.

Results: For 39 muscles, different approaches for ultrasound assessment were found that likely impact the values measured. Standardized anatomical landmarks and measuring points were proposed for all muscles/muscle groups. Besides the five already known muscle parameters (muscle thickness, cross-section area, pennation angle, fascicle length and echo-intensity), four new parameters are discussed (muscle volume, stiffness, contraction potential and microcirculation). The former SARCUS article recommendations are updated with this new information that includes new muscle groups.

Conclusions: The emerging field of ultrasound assessment of muscle mass only highlights the need for a standardization of measurement technique. In this article, guidelines are updated and broadened to provide standardization instructions for a large number of muscles.

Keywords: Assessment; Muscle; Protocol; SARCUS; Sarcopenia; Ultrasound.

PubMed Disclaimer

Comment in

Ultrasound imaging/measurements for skeletal muscles in sarcopenia: an aide memoire.
Ata AM, Kara M, Özçakar L. Ata AM, et al. Eur Geriatr Med. 2021 Apr;12(2):425-426. doi: 10.1007/s41999-021-00461-z. Epub 2021 Feb 11. Eur Geriatr Med. 2021. PMID: 33575882 No abstract available.
Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update: reply to the letter to the editor : SARCUS working group on behalf of the Sarcopenia Special Interest Group of the European Geriatric Medicine Society.
Perkisas S, Bastijns S, Sanchez-Rodriguez D, Piotrowicz K, De Cock AM; full SARCUS working group. Perkisas S, et al. Eur Geriatr Med. 2021 Apr;12(2):427-428. doi: 10.1007/s41999-021-00462-y. Epub 2021 Feb 17. Eur Geriatr Med. 2021. PMID: 33595779 No abstract available.
Comment on: "Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: towards standardized measurements" and "Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update".
Jacob I, Francis P, Jones G, Johnson MI. Jacob I, et al. Eur Geriatr Med. 2022 Feb;13(1):305-306. doi: 10.1007/s41999-021-00590-5. Epub 2021 Nov 23. Eur Geriatr Med. 2022. PMID: 34813045 No abstract available.

References

1. Cruz-Jentoft AJ et al (2019) Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 48(1):16–31 - DOI
1. McGregor RA, Cameron-Smith D, Poppitt SD (2014) It is not just muscle mass: a review of muscle quality, composition and metabolism during ageing as determinants of muscle function and mobility in later life. Longev Healthspan 3(1):9 - PubMed - PMC
1. Reinders I et al (2016) Muscle quality and myosteatosis: novel associations with mortality risk: the age, gene/environment susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik study. Am J Epidemiol 183(1):53–60 - PubMed
1. Beaudart C et al (2016) Sarcopenia in daily practice: assessment and management. BMC Geriatr 16(1):170 - PubMed - PMC
1. Nijholt W et al (2017) The reliability and validity of ultrasound to quantify muscles in older adults: a systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 8(5):702–712 - PubMed - PMC

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Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update

Affiliations

Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Comment in

References

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MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Medical