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Review
. 2021 Jan 1;17(1):8-19.
doi: 10.7150/ijbs.52569. eCollection 2021.

Current advances in the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines

Annoor Awadasseid  1   2 , Yanling Wu  3 , Yoshimasa Tanaka  4 , Wen Zhang  1
Affiliations
Review

Current advances in the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines

Annoor Awadasseid et al. Int J Biol Sci. .

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is now a global pandemic that has wreaked havoc globally, which has put a heavy toll on public health, lives, and the world economy. Vaccination is considered as one of the greatest successes in medical history. Based on prior experience with the development of SARS-CoV vaccines, all COVID-19 vaccines must be subjected to the tests for protective effects and harmful risks derived from antibody-dependent enhancement that may contribute to augmented infectivity and/or eosinophilic infiltration. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is now being developed urgently in several different ways. China is regarded as one of the world's leading countries in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development, up to date the last inactivated vaccine international clinical (Phase III) trial was launched in the United Arab Emirates by Sinopharm China National Biotec Group (CNBG). In this review, we outline the current status of vaccine development against clinically relevant SARS-CoV-2 strains, anticipating that such attempts would help create efficacious and sage SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; clinical trial; coronavirus; vaccines.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of the SARS-CoV-2 structure.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic diagram of the MERS-CoV S glycoprotein anchoring to the virus envelop . The MERS-CoV S glycoprotein has been a target for developing MERS vaccines. S glycoprotein gives rise to substantial titers of neutralizing antibodies, and the antigens in subunit vaccines have been often manipulated. The S glycoprotein attaches via the S glycoprotein RBD to the host cell receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) . It is possible to divide the S glycoprotein into two subunits (S1 and S2). The RBD includes the subunit S1. The S2 subunit contains (HR1 and HR2), which are used by MERS-CoV for membrane fusion and host cell entry. The S glycoprotein is portrayed as a class I fusion protein and forms a trimmer.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Summary of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development in future.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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