Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Dec:7:100067.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijchy.2020.100067.

Inflammation and hypertension development: A longitudinal analysis of the African-PREDICT study

Simone H Crouch  1 , Shani Botha-Le Roux  1   2 , Christian Delles  3 , Lesley A Graham  3 , Aletta E Schutte  1   2   4
Affiliations

Inflammation and hypertension development: A longitudinal analysis of the African-PREDICT study

Simone H Crouch et al. Int J Cardiol Hypertens. 2020 Dec.

Abstract

Background: The role of inflammation in the development of hypertension remains incompletely understood. While single inflammatory mediators have been shown to associate with changes in blood pressure (ΔBP), the role of clusters of inflammatory mediators has been less comprehensively explored. We therefore determined whether individual or clusters of inflammatory mediators from a large biomarker panel were associated with ΔBP over 4.5 years, in young healthy adults.

Methods: We included 358 adults (white, n = 156; black, n = 202) with detailed information on ambulatory blood pressure (BP) at baseline and follow-up. Baseline blood samples were analysed for 22 inflammatory mediators using multiplexing technology. Principal component analysis was used to study associations between clusters of inflammatory mediators and ΔBP.

Results: In the total cohort in multivariable-adjusted regression analyses, percentage change in 24hr systolic BP associated positively with Factors 1 (Interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-23, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, TNF-α, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)) and 2 (IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13). Change in daytime systolic BP associated positively with Factors 1, 2 and 3 (C-Reactive protein, IL-1β, IL-2, MIP-3α). Subgroup analysis found these findings were limited to white study participants. Numerous associations were present between individual inflammatory mediators (Interferon-gamma, GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-23, MIP-1α and MIP-1β) and ΔBP in the white but not black subgroups.

Conclusion: We found independent relationships between numerous inflammatory mediators (individual and clusters) and ΔBP over 4.5 years. The relationship between inflammatory markers and ΔBP was only found in white participants. ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03292094)..

Keywords: African; Black; Cytokine; Ethnicity; Hypertension.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Layout of the study population.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Percentage change in ambulatory blood pressure over 4.5 years in young black and white adults. Horizontal line and whiskers: Mean ± SD. Abbreviations: SBP Systolic blood pressure; DBP Diastolic blood pressure.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Barrows I.R., Ramezani A., Raj D.S. Inflammation, immunity, and oxidative stress in hypertension—partners in crime? Adv. Chron. Kidney Dis. 2019;26(2):122–130. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2019.03.001. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Stanaway J.D., Afshin A., Gakidou E. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1923–1994. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Li J.-J., Fang C.-H., Hui R.-T. Is hypertension an inflammatory disease? Med. Hypotheses. 2005;64(2):236–240. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2004.06.017. - DOI - PubMed
    1. I Idris-Khodja N., Mian M.O.R., Paradis P., Schiffrin E.L. Dual opposing roles of adaptive immunity in hypertension. Eur. Heart J. 2014;35(19):1238–1244. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu119. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mian M.O.R., Paradis P., Schiffrin E.L. Innate immunity in hypertension. Curr. Hypertens. Rep. 2014;16(2):413. doi: 10.1007/s11906-013-0413-9. - DOI - PubMed

Associated data