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. 2021 Feb;45(1):31-40.
doi: 10.1007/s11259-020-09785-w. Epub 2021 Jan 4.

Molecular survey of parvovirus, astrovirus, coronavirus, and calicivirus in symptomatic dogs

Rosanna Zobba  1   2 , Stefano Visco  3 , Francesca Sotgiu  3 , Maria Luisa Pinna Parpaglia  3 , Marco Pittau  3   4 , Alberto Alberti  3   4
Affiliations

Molecular survey of parvovirus, astrovirus, coronavirus, and calicivirus in symptomatic dogs

Rosanna Zobba et al. Vet Res Commun. 2021 Feb.

Abstract

Gastrointestinal disorders caused by enteric viruses are frequently reported in dogs worldwide, with significant mortality rates in unvaccinated individuals. This study reports the identification and molecular characterization of Canine parvovirus (CPV-2), Canine coronavirus (CcoV), Canine astrovirus (AstV), and Canine calicivirus (CcaV) in a panel of dogs showing severe enteric clinical signs sampled in a typical Mediterranean environment (Sardinia, Italy). At least one of these viral species was detected in 92.3% samples. CPV-2 was the most frequently detected virus (87.2%), followed by AsTv (20.5%), CCoV-IIa (18%), and CCoV-I (10.3%). CCoV-IIb and CaCV were not detected in any sample. Single infection was detected in 24 samples (66.7%), mainly related to CPV-2 (91.7%). Coinfections were present in 33.3% samples with constant detection of CPV-2. Canine coronavirus was present only in coinfected animals. The VP2 sequence analysis of CPV-2 positive samples confirmed the presence of all variants, with CPV-2b most frequently detected. Phylogeny based on the CcoV-IIa spike protein (S) gene allowed to identify 2 different clades among Sardinian isolates but failed to distinguish enteric from pantropic viruses. Study on presence and prevalence of enteroviruses in dogs increase our knowledge about the circulation of these pathogens in the Mediterranean area and highlight the need for dedicated routine vaccine prophylaxis. Molecular analyses of enteric viruses are fundamental to avoid failure of vaccines caused by frequent mutations observed in these enteroviruses.

Keywords: Canine astrovirus; Canine coronavirus; Canine parvovirus; Molecular characterization.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Phylogenetic tree of the 5 CcoV-IIa strains of this study based on a 423 bp fragment of the S gene sequence. The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method and Tamura 3-parameter model. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) are shown next to the branches
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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