Ultrasound Cardiac Output Monitor (USCOM™) Measurements Prove Unreliable Compared to Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Adolescents with Cardiac Disease

Abstract

The purpose of this stuy is to prospectively assess the reliability of the ultrasound cardiac output monitor (USCOM™) for measuring stroke volume index and predicting left ventricular outflow tract diameter in adolescents with heart disease. Sixty consecutive adolescents with heart disease attending a tertiary medical center underwent USCOM™ assessment immediately after cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. USCOM™ measured stroke volume index and predicted left ventricular outflow tract diameter were compared to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging-derived values using Bland-Altman analysis. Ten patients with an abnormal left ventricular outflow tract were excluded from the analysis. An adequate USCOM™ signal was obtained in 49/50 patients. Mean stroke volume index was 46.1 ml/m² by the USCOM™ (range 22-66.9 ml/m²) and 42.9 ml/m² by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (range 24.7-59.9 ml/m²). The bias (mean difference) was 3.2 ml/m²; precision (± 2SD of differences), 17 ml/m²; and mean percentage error, 38%. The mean (± 2SD) left ventricular outflow tract diameter was 0.445 ± 0.536 cm smaller by the USCOM™ algorithm prediction than by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Attempted adjustment of USCOM™ stroke volume index using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging left ventricular outflow tract diameter failed to improve agreement between the two modalities (bias 28.4 ml/m², precision 44.1 ml/m², percentage error 77.3%). Our study raises concerns regarding the reliability of USCOM™ for stroke volume index measurement in adolescents with cardiac disease, which did not improve even after adjusting for its inaccurate left ventricular outflow tract diameter prediction.

Keywords: Cardiology; Congenital heart disease; Hemodynamic monitoring; Pediatric intensive care; Pediatrics.