Active management of labor and operative delivery in nulliparous women

Abstract

There has been a fourfold increase in cesarean births in Canada in the last 20 years. The two main indications are dystocia and repeat cesarean section. Of all primary cesarean sections, about half are due to dystocia. This is largely confined to nulliparous women. Work from Ireland suggests that a policy of active management of labor may reduce dystocia. This involves a uniform policy of amniotomy once a diagnosis of labor is established, followed by oxytocin augmentation if labor is nonprogressive (less than 1 cm/hr). From October 1, 1985, to December 31, 1986, this policy was carried out on 552 consecutive normal nulliparous women in spontaneous labor at greater than or equal to 37 weeks' gestation with a single fetus in vertex presentation with no fetal distress. These results were compared with a control group of 533 similar nulliparous women delivered between January 1, 1984 and March 31, 1985. The cesarean section rate dropped to 4.3% from 13% (p less than 0.005) and the forceps delivery rate dropped to 19.4% from 29% (p less than 0.005). The duration of labor greater than 12 hours dropped to 7% from 20% (p less than 0.005). There was no increase in fetal morbidity or mortality.