Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Dec 22:11:614910.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.614910. eCollection 2020.

Monascus sanguineus May Be a Natural Nothospecies

Yatao He  1   2 , Junlin Liu  1 , Qian Chen  1 , Senning Gan  1 , Ting Sun  1 , Shengdong Huo  1
Affiliations

Monascus sanguineus May Be a Natural Nothospecies

Yatao He et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

The genus Monascus has important economic and ecological values. In 2016, we isolated a strain M. sanguineus. After studying the phylogenetic relationship of Monascus, we believe that M. sanguineus is an independent species and speculate that it is a natural nothospecies. Recently, the morphological characteristics and sequences of seven genes (ITS, LSU, β-tubulin, calmodulin, RNA polymerase II subunit, β-ketoacyl synthase, and mating-type locus 1-1) of 15 Monascus strains were analyzed, including sequencing of multiple clones of five protein genes in four M. sanguineus strains. Two types of haplotypes (A and B) were observed in the five protein genes of M. sanguineus. Haplotype A was closely related to M. ruber, and haplotype B may be derived from an unknown Monascus species. The results demonstrated that M. sanguineus including type strains may be a natural nothospecies. This study laid the foundation for further exploration of the M. sanguineus genome, and the study may be of significant importance for the Monascus fermentation industry.

Keywords: Monascus sanguineus; fungi; industrial strain; morphology; natural pigment; nothospecies; phylogeny.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Phylogeny of Monascus. Phylogenetic tree constructed from Bayesian analysis of the concatenated sequences of five protein genes (BenA, CaM, RPB2, pksKS, and MAT1-1) and two ribosomal RNA genes (ITS and LSU) with a total length of 6,983 bp. Posterior probabilities from Bayesian analysis/bootstrap percentages from 1,000 replicates of maximum likelihood analysis are shown on major branches. The right side of the figure is the cultural characters and scanning electron microscope structural of the strains indicated by the arrow. For the sake of illustration, the M. sp. CGMCC 3. 5845 (A) in the figure are manually supplemented.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

  • Contrasting Responses of Rhizosphere Fungi of Scutellaria tsinyunensis, an Endangered Plant in Southwestern China.
    Zuo YW, Yu FQ, Zhang JH, Xia CY, Zhang H, Deng HP. Zuo YW, et al. Microbiol Spectr. 2022 Aug 31;10(4):e0022522. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00225-22. Epub 2022 Jul 5. Microbiol Spectr. 2022. PMID: 35863021 Free PMC article.
  • Insight into the phylogeny and metabolic divergence of Monascus species (M. pilosus, M. ruber, and M. purpureus) at the genome level.
    Zhang Z, Cui M, Chen P, Li J, Mao Z, Mao Y, Li Z, Guo Q, Wang C, Liao X, Liu H. Zhang Z, et al. Front Microbiol. 2023 May 25;14:1199144. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1199144. eCollection 2023. Front Microbiol. 2023. PMID: 37303795 Free PMC article.
  • A new endophyte Monascus ruber SRZ112 as an efficient production platform of natural pigments using agro-industrial wastes.
    El-Sayed ER, Gach J, Olejniczak T, Boratyński F. El-Sayed ER, et al. Sci Rep. 2022 Jul 23;12(1):12611. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16269-1. Sci Rep. 2022. PMID: 35871189 Free PMC article.
  • What are the 100 most cited fungal genera?
    Bhunjun CS, Chen YJ, Phukhamsakda C, Boekhout T, Groenewald JZ, McKenzie EHC, Francisco EC, Frisvad JC, Groenewald M, Hurdeal VG, Luangsa-Ard J, Perrone G, Visagie CM, Bai FY, Błaszkowski J, Braun U, de Souza FA, de Queiroz MB, Dutta AK, Gonkhom D, Goto BT, Guarnaccia V, Hagen F, Houbraken J, Lachance MA, Li JJ, Luo KY, Magurno F, Mongkolsamrit S, Robert V, Roy N, Tibpromma S, Wanasinghe DN, Wang DQ, Wei DP, Zhao CL, Aiphuk W, Ajayi-Oyetunde O, Arantes TD, Araujo JC, Begerow D, Bakhshi M, Barbosa RN, Behrens FH, Bensch K, Bezerra JDP, Bilański P, Bradley CA, Bubner B, Burgess TI, Buyck B, Čadež N, Cai L, Calaça FJS, Campbell LJ, Chaverri P, Chen YY, Chethana KWT, Coetzee B, Costa MM, Chen Q, Custódio FA, Dai YC, Damm U, Santiago ALCMA, De Miccolis Angelini RM, Dijksterhuis J, Dissanayake AJ, Doilom M, Dong W, Álvarez-Duarte E, Fischer M, Gajanayake AJ, Gené J, Gomdola D, Gomes AAM, Hausner G, He MQ, Hou L, Iturrieta-González I, Jami F, Jankowiak R, Jayawardena RS, Kandemir H, Kiss L, Kobmoo N, Kowalski T, Landi L, Lin CG, Liu JK, Liu XB, Loizides M, Luangharn T, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Mkhwanazi GJM, Manawasinghe IS, Marin-Felix Y, McTaggart AR, Moreau PA, Morozova OV, Mostert L, … See abstract for full author list ➔ Bhunjun CS, et al. Stud Mycol. 2024 Jul;108:1-411. doi: 10.3114/sim.2024.108.01. Epub 2024 Jul 15. Stud Mycol. 2024. PMID: 39100921 Free PMC article.

References

    1. Arnold M. L. (1992). Natural hybridization as an evolutionary process. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. S. 85 1893–1896. 10.1146/annurev.es.23.110192.001321 - DOI
    1. Barbosa R. N., Leong S. L., Vinnere-Pettersson O., Chen A. J., Souza-Motta C. M., Frisvad J. C., et al. (2017). Phylogenetic analysis of Monascus, and new species from honey, pollen and nests of stingless bees. Stud. Mycol. 86 29–51. 10.1016/j.simyco.2017.04.001 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bing J., Han P., Liu W., Wang Q., Bai F. (2014). Evidence for a Far East Asian origin of lager beer yeast. Curr. Biol. 24 R380–R381. 10.1016/j.cub.2014.04.031 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Cannon P. F., Abdullah S. K., Abbas B. A. (1995). Two new species of Monascus from Iraq, with a key to known species of the genus. Mycol. Res. 99 659–662. 10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80523-6 - DOI
    1. Chen W., Chen R., Liu Q., He Y., He K., Ding X., et al. (2017). Orange, Red, Yellow: Biosynthesis of Azaphilone Pigments in Monascus Fungi. Chem. Sci. 8 4917–4925. 10.1039/c7sc00475c - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources