Pre-Exercise Maltodextrin Ingestion and Transient Hypoglycemia in Cycling and Running

Abstract

This study examined the phenomenon of transient hypoglycemia and metabolic responses to pre-exercise carbohydrate (CHO) maltodextrin ingestion in cycling and running on the same individuals. Eleven active males cycled or ran for 30 min at 80% maximal heart rate (HRmax) after ingestion of either 1g/kg body mass maltodextrin (CHO-Cycle and CHO-Run respectively) or placebo (PL-Cycle and PL-Run) solutions. Fluids were ingested 30min before exercise in a double-blind and random manner. Blood glucose and serum insulin were higher before exercise in CHO (mean CHO-Cycle+CHO-Run) (Glucose: 7.4 ± 0.3 mmol·l^-1; Insulin: 59 ± 10 mU·l^-1) compared to placebo (mean PL-Cycle+PL-Run) (Glucose: 4.7 ± 0.1 mmol·l^-1; Insulin: 8 ± 1 mU·l^-1) (p<0.01), but no differences were observed during exercise among the 4 conditions. Mean blood glucose did not drop below 4.1 mmol·l^-1 in any trial. However, six volunteers in CHO-Cycle and seven in CHO-Run experienced blood glucose concentration ≤ 3.5 mmol·l^-1 at 20min of exercise and similar degree of transient hypoglycemia in both exercise modes. No association was found between insulin response to maltodextrin ingestion and drop in blood glucose during exercise. Blood lactate increased with exercise more in cycling compared to running, and plasma free fatty acids (FFA) concentrations were higher in placebo compared to CHO irrespective of exercise mode (p<0.01). The ingestion of maltodextrin 30min before exercise at about 80% HRmax produced similar glucose and insulin responses in cycling and running in active males. Lactate was higher in cycling, whereas maltodextrin reduced FFA concentrations independently of exercise mode.

Keywords: Mode of exercise; carbohydrate; glucose; insulin; supplementation.

Figure 1

Blood glucose responses during the four trials (mean ± SE). *p< 0.001: Mean of both CHO (CHO-Cycle+ CHO-Run) trials compared to mean of both Placebo (PL-Cycle+PL-Run) trials.

Figure 2

Individual blood glucose concentrations in the CHO-Cycle (above) and CHO-Run (below) trials.

Figure 3

Serum insulin responses during the four trials (mean ± SE). *p < 0.01: Mean of both CHO (CHOCycle+ CHO-Run) trials compared to mean of both Placebo (PL-Cycle+PL-Run) trials.