Meta-Analysis

. 2021 Mar:194:111431.

doi: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111431. Epub 2021 Jan 7.

The role of physical exercise in modulating peripheral inflammatory and neurotrophic biomarkers in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Josh Titus¹, Nick W Bray², Nellie Kamkar³, Richard Camicioli⁴, Lindsay S Nagamatsu⁵, Mark Speechley⁶, Manuel Montero-Odasso⁷

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: jtitus6@uwo.ca.
² Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: nbray2@uwo.ca.
³ Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: nellie.kamkar@sjhc.london.on.ca.
⁴ Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Electronic address: rcamicio@ualberta.ca.
⁵ Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: lnagamat@uwo.ca.
⁶ Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Western University, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: speechly@uwo.ca.
⁷ Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medicine and Division of Geriatric Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Western University, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: mmontero@uwo.ca.

PMID: 33422561
DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111431

Meta-Analysis

The role of physical exercise in modulating peripheral inflammatory and neurotrophic biomarkers in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Josh Titus et al. Mech Ageing Dev. 2021 Mar.

. 2021 Mar:194:111431.

doi: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111431. Epub 2021 Jan 7.

Authors

Josh Titus¹, Nick W Bray², Nellie Kamkar³, Richard Camicioli⁴, Lindsay S Nagamatsu⁵, Mark Speechley⁶, Manuel Montero-Odasso⁷

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: jtitus6@uwo.ca.
² Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: nbray2@uwo.ca.
³ Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: nellie.kamkar@sjhc.london.on.ca.
⁴ Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Electronic address: rcamicio@ualberta.ca.
⁵ Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: lnagamat@uwo.ca.
⁶ Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Western University, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: speechly@uwo.ca.
⁷ Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medicine and Division of Geriatric Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Western University, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: mmontero@uwo.ca.

PMID: 33422561
DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111431

Abstract

Background: Physiological cascades of neurotrophic factors and inflammatory cytokines may mediate the exercise-induced amelioration of cognition in older adults. However, there is limited understanding on how different exercise modalities improving cognition alter biomarkers. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of different exercise modalities on blood biomarker concentrations in cognitive clinical trials of older adults.

Methods: A systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) were performed using the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS. After exclusions, 17 trials with 18 distinct exercise interventions were included.

Results: Aerobic training increased (n = 2) or did not significantly change BDNF (n = 5), and resistance training increased (n = 2) or did not significantly change (n = 2) IGF-1. Multimodal training significantly increased (n = 1) or did not change (n = 3) BDNF. Interventions that recruited sex-specific cohorts showed an advantage in males for blood marker concentrations and cognitive performance outcomes (n = 3) compared to females (n = 3). Only one of three interventions decreased concentrations of CRP. Eight studies examining BDNF changes were suited for MA and showed that higher BDNF concentrations were reached post intervention, although not reaching statistical significance (p = .26, I² = 44 %).

Discussion: Our results suggest that exercise has potential to ameliorate cognitive decline in older adults with divergent, modality-specific, neurotrophic mechanisms.

Keywords: Cognition; Exercise; Inflammatory markers; Neurotrophic factors; Older adults.

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The role of physical exercise in modulating peripheral inflammatory and neurotrophic biomarkers in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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The role of physical exercise in modulating peripheral inflammatory and neurotrophic biomarkers in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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