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Review
. 2020 Dec 23:11:602256.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.602256. eCollection 2020.

COVID-19: Coronavirus Vaccine Development Updates

Jing Zhao  1 , Shan Zhao  1 , Junxian Ou  1 , Jing Zhang  2 , Wendong Lan  1 , Wenyi Guan  1 , Xiaowei Wu  1 , Yuqian Yan  1 , Wei Zhao  1 , Jianguo Wu  2 , James Chodosh  3 , Qiwei Zhang  1   2
Affiliations
Review

COVID-19: Coronavirus Vaccine Development Updates

Jing Zhao et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a newly emerged coronavirus, and has been pandemic since March 2020 and led to many fatalities. Vaccines represent the most efficient means to control and stop the pandemic of COVID-19. However, currently there is no effective COVID-19 vaccine approved to use worldwide except for two human adenovirus vector vaccines, three inactivated vaccines, and one peptide vaccine for early or limited use in China and Russia. Safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 are in urgent need. Researchers around the world are developing 213 COVID-19 candidate vaccines, among which 44 are in human trials. In this review, we summarize and analyze vaccine progress against SARS-CoV, Middle-East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2, including inactivated vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, subunit vaccines, virus like particles, nucleic acid vaccines, and viral vector vaccines. As SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV share the common genus, Betacoronavirus, this review of the major research progress will provide a reference and new insights into the COVID-19 vaccine design and development.

Keywords: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19); Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2; vaccine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates. (A) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates in development. (B) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates in clinical trials.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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