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Review
. 2021 Jan 5;13(1):e12498.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.12498.

Diabetes Insipidus: A Pragmatic Approach to Management

Gagan Priya  1 , Sanjay Kalra  2 , Arundhati Dasgupta  3 , Emmy Grewal  4
Affiliations
Review

Diabetes Insipidus: A Pragmatic Approach to Management

Gagan Priya et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disorder of water balance characterized by polyuria and polydipsia. It can occur due to genetic and acquired causes that affect the secretion or action of arginine vasopressin (AVP) or antidiuretic hormone (ADH).Markedly increased thirst and urination are not only quite distressing but also increases the risk of volume depletion and hypernatremia in severe situations. A careful diagnosis of the type of DI and its etiology is based on careful clinical evaluation, measurement of urine and serum osmolality, and water deprivation test. Management includes the correction of any water deficit and the use of specific pharmacological agents, including desmopressin, thiazides, and amiloride.

Keywords: central diabetes insipidus; desmopressin; diabetes insipidus; nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Protocol for water deprivation test
AVP - arginine vasopressin; NSAIDs - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SGLT2 - sodium glucose transporter 2
Figure 2
Figure 2. Protocol of hypertonic saline infusion test
Figure 3
Figure 3. Approach to polyuria evaluation
DI - diabetes insipidus
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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