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Review
. 2020 Dec 29;6(12):e05821.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05821. eCollection 2020 Dec.

Controlled dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles produced by basic precipitation in solvothermal processes

Daniel Navas  1 , Andrés Ibañez  2 , Iván González  3 , Juan Luis Palma  4   5 , Paulina Dreyse  6
Affiliations
Review

Controlled dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles produced by basic precipitation in solvothermal processes

Daniel Navas et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Zinc oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized under precipitation processes, using ZnSO4·7H2O as a Zn2+ precursor and K2CO3 used as a basic source, and hydrozincite was obtained as an intermediary, which was treated under two procedures; first procedure involved multiple stages to get final precipitated with NaOH, and in the second procedure the hydrozincite was straightforwardly dried at 220 °C. By both processes ZnO structures were obtained, which were turned into nanoparticles by a solvothermal treatment, for four hours in ethylene glycol at 200 °C. The final products for the first procedure was conglomerate of spherical nanoparticles with sizes ranged between 5-10 nm and dispersed ellipsoidal nanoparticles for the second procedure. Apart off the two procedures mentioned above, another synthesis was carried out with the same Zn2+ precursor but now using NaOH, and the solvothermal treatment produced ZnO mixed micro-structures which under ultrasonic cavitation disaggregated on mesoporous ZnO nanoplates of hexagonal shapes with nanopore sizes of approximately 0.35 nm. All ZnOs synthesized were structurally characterized with XRD, TEM and FT-IR techniques, and electronically with UV-Vis absorption and diffuse reflectance spectroscopies.

Keywords: Alkaline media; Precipitation; Solvothermal treatment; Ultrasonic cavitation; Zinc oxide nanoparticles; ZnO mesoporous.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
X-Ray diffraction of the ZnO obtained from A. Zincite PDF 36–1451 and synthesis: B. I, C. II and D. III.
Figure 2
Figure 2
X-Ray diffraction of the ZnO obtained from synthesis I.
Figure 3
Figure 3
X-Ray diffraction of the ZnO obtained from synthesis II.
Figure 4
Figure 4
X-Ray diffraction of the ZnO obtained from synthesis III.
Figure 5
Figure 5
FT-IR spectra (short wavenumber scale) of ZnO obtained after solvothermal treatment from synthesis: (a). I, (b) II and (c) III. Original spectra (blue lines) and deconvolution spectra (green lines).
Figure 6
Figure 6
UV-Vis absorption of ZnO NPs from synthesis: (a) I, (b) II and (c) III.
Figure 7
Figure 7
TEM images of ZnO structures obtained from synthesis: (a) I, (b) II and (c) III. All dimensions bars represent 100 nm length. Histograms of ZnO from synthesis: (d) I, (e) II and (f) III, according to every micrograph.
Figure 8
Figure 8
TEM images of ZnO hexagonal structures obtained from the synthesis I then of probe ultrasonic treatment for 30 min. Hexagonal plaquettes appear in (a), and these starts to break up when are exposed to the TEM electron beam (b). Before breakup, a porous structure in (c) with pore diameter close to 0.35 nm (d) was observed. Scale bars are 20nm (a-b) and 10nm (c).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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