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. 2021 Jan;9(1):e14681.
doi: 10.14814/phy2.14681.

Skeletal muscle proteins important for work capacity are altered with type 2 diabetes - Effect of 10-20-30 training

Thomas Baasch-Skytte  1 , Thomas P Gunnarsson  1 , Matteo Fiorenza  1 , Jens Bangsbo  1
Affiliations

Skeletal muscle proteins important for work capacity are altered with type 2 diabetes - Effect of 10-20-30 training

Thomas Baasch-Skytte et al. Physiol Rep. 2021 Jan.

Abstract

The study examined whether men with type 2 diabetes exhibit lower expression of muscle proteins important for exercise capacity, and whether exercise training promotes adaptations in these proteins. In a cross-sectional and longitudinal study, conducted at the University of Copenhagen. Twelve men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were compared to eleven nondiabetes counterparts (ND) matched for age and body composition (body fat percentage). T2D underwent 10 weeks of high-intensity interval exercise training (10-20-30 training). T2D had lower expression of SOD1 (-62%; p < 0.001) and ETC complex V (-34%; p = 0.003), along with higher expression of ETC complex IV (+66%; p = 0.007), MFN2 (+62%; p = 0.001), and DRP1 (+30%; p = 0.028) compared to ND. T2D had higher (p < 0.001) expression of Na+ /K+ α1 (+98%), α2 (+114%), and NHE1 (+144%) than ND. In T2D, training increased exercise capacity (+9%; p < 0.001) as well as expression of SOD2 (+44%; p = 0.029), ETC complex II (+25%; p = 0.035), III (+52%; p = 0.041), IV (+23%; p = 0.005), and V (+21%; p = 0.035), CS activity (+32%; p = 0.006) as well as Na+ /K+ α1 (+24%; p = 0.034), Kir6.2 (+36%; p = 0.029), and MCT1 (+20%; p = 0.007). Men with type 2 diabetes exhibited altered expression of a multitude of skeletal muscle proteins important for exercise capacity. Ten weeks of 10-20-30 training upregulated expression of muscle proteins regulating antioxidant defense, mitochondrial function, and ion handling while enhancing exercise capacity in men with type 2 diabetes.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03349944.

Keywords: antioxidant defense; high-intensity interval training; ion handling; mitochondria.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Flowchart of subjects through the study
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Average heart rate (excluding the 10‐min warm‐up period) (a) and average time spent in heart rate zones (b) during 10 weeks of 10‐20‐30 training in male type 2 diabetes patients (T2D; n = 12). Data are presented as mean ± SD
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and catalase in male type 2 diabetes patients (T2D; SOD1; n = 9, SOD2; n = 10, Catalase; n = 10) before (pre) and after (post) 10 weeks of 10‐20‐30 training and in matched nondiabetes counterparts (ND, N = 11). Data are presented as mean ± SD including individual values. †††Different (p < 0.001) from ND. *Different (p < 0.05) from T2D pre
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Expression of subunits of the electron transport chain (ETC) complex I–V and maximal citrate synthase (CS) activity in male type 2 diabetes patients (T2D, ETC n = 11, CS activity n = 8) before (pre) and after (post) 10 weeks of 10‐20‐30 training and in matched nondiabetes counterparts (ND, n = 11). Data are presented as mean ±SD including individual values. ††Different (p < 0.01) from ND. *Different (p < 0.05) from T2D pre. **Different (p < 0.05) from T2D pre
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Maximal citrate synthase (CS) activity in male type 2 diabetes patients (T2D, n = 8) before (pre) and after (post) 10 weeks of 10‐20‐30 training and in matched nondiabetes counterparts (ND, n = 11). Data are presented as mean ± SD including individual values. **Different (p < 0.05) from T2D pre
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Expression of Mitofusin‐2 (MFN2) and Dynamin‐related protein 1 (DRP1) in male type 2 diabetes patients (T2D; n = 11) before (pre) and after (post) 10 weeks of 10‐20‐30 training and in matched nondiabetes counterparts (ND, n = 11). Data are presented as mean ± SD including individual values.†Different (p < 0.05) from ND.††Different (p < 0.01) from ND
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Expression of muscle Na+/K+α1, α2, and β1 subunit, Phospholemman (FXYD1), and Kir6.2 in male type 2 diabetes patients (T2D, Na+/K+α1; n = 11. Na+/K+α2; n = 12. Na+/K+β1; n = 12. FXYD1; n = 12. Kir6.2; n = 11) before (pre) and after (post) 10 weeks of 10‐20‐30 training and in matched nondiabetes counterparts (ND, n = 11). Data are presented as mean ± SD including individual values.†††Different (p < 0.001) from ND. *Different (p < 0.05) from T2D pre
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
Expression of Monocarboxylate transporter 1 and 4 (MCT1, MCT4) and sodium‐hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1) in male type 2 diabetes patients (T2D, MCT1/4 n = 6; NHE1; n = 10) before (pre) and after (post) 10 weeks of 10‐20‐30 training and in matched nondiabetes counterparts (ND, MCT1/4 n = 6, NHE1 n = 11). Data are presented as mean ± SD including individual values. †††Different (p < 0.001) from ND. **Different (p < 0.01) from T2D pre
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