Nanoengineered Osteoinductive and Elastomeric Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Synthesis and fabrication of porous and elastomeric nanocomposite scaffolds from biodegradable poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) and osteoinductive nanosilicates is reported. Nanosilicates are mineral-based two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with high surface area which reinforced PGS network. The addition of nanosilicates to PGS resulted in mechanically stiff and elastomeric nanocomposites. The degradation rate and mechanical stiffness of nanocomposite network could be modulated by addition of nanosilicates. Nanocomposite scaffolds supported cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation and promoted osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts. The addition of nanosilicates to PGS scaffolds increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and production of matrix mineralization. In vivo studies demonstrated biocompatibility and biodegradability of nanocomposite scaffolds. Overall, the combination of elasticity and tailorable stiffness, tunable degradation profiles, and the osteoinductive capability of the scaffolds offer a promising approach for bone tissue engineering.

Keywords: biocompatibility; nanocomposites; osteoinductive; poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS); two-dimensional (2D) nanosilicates.