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Meta-Analysis
. 2021 Jan 11;11(2):e038902.
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038902.

Coffee consumption and risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Xiaonan Chen  1 , Yiqiao Zhao  1 , Zijia Tao  1 , Kefeng Wang  2
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Coffee consumption and risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Xiaonan Chen et al. BMJ Open. .

Abstract

Objectives: To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis of cohort studies to evaluate the association of coffee consumption with the risk of prostate cancer.

Data sources: PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were searched for eligible studies up to September 2020.

Study selection: Cohort studies were included.

Data extraction and synthesis: Two researchers independently reviewed the studies and extracted the data. Data synthesis was performed via systematic review and meta-analysis of eligible cohort studies. Meta-analysis was performed with the "metan" and "glst" commands in Stata 14.0.

Main outcomes and measures: Prostate cancer was the main outcome. It was classified as localised prostate cancer which included localised or non-aggressive cancers; advanced prostate cancer which included advanced or aggressive cancers; or fatal prostate cancer which included fatal/lethal cancers or prostate cancer-specific deaths.

Results: Sixteen prospective cohort studies were finally included, with 57 732 cases of prostate cancer and 1 081 586 total cohort members. Higher coffee consumption was significantly associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. Compared with the lowest category of coffee consumption, the pooled relative risk (RR) was 0.91 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.98), I2= 53.2%) for the highest category of coffee consumption. There was a significant linear trend for the association (p=0.006 for linear trend), with a pooled RR of 0.988 (95% CI 0.981 to 0.995) for each increment of one cup of coffee per day. For localised, advanced and fatal prostate cancer, the pooled RRs were 0.93 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.99), 0.88 (95% CI 0.71 to 1.09) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.66 to 1.08), respectively. No evidence of publication bias was indicated in this meta-analysis.

Conclusions: This study suggests that a higher intake of coffee may be associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer.

Keywords: epidemiology; nutrition; prostate disease.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of study selection in the meta-analysis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot for the association between coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Dose–response relationship of coffee consumption with prostate cancer risk.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Forest plot for the association between coffee consumption and risk of prostate cancer stratified by cancer stages.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

  • Die erste Seite.
    Patzer KH. Patzer KH. MMW Fortschr Med. 2021 Feb;163(2):3. doi: 10.1007/s15006-021-9602-7. MMW Fortschr Med. 2021. PMID: 33527260 German. No abstract available.

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