Antibody response in humans to influenza virus type B host-cell-derived variants after vaccination with standard (egg-derived) vaccine or natural infection

Abstract

Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neutralization tests were used to determine antibody responses to egg-derived and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK)-derived influenza B virus (B/England/222/82) in paired sera from persons naturally infected with influenza B and in persons vaccinated with standard egg-derived inactivated influenza vaccine. When tested by HI, the MDCK-derived antigen gave significantly higher (8- to 12-fold) geometric mean titers (GMT) in convalescent-phase sera from persons naturally infected during community outbreaks, as well as more 4-fold titer rises, than did tests with egg-derived antigen. When tested by neutralization, however, the convalescent-phase sera GMTs were only threefold higher with the MDCK-derived antigen and an equivalent number of fourfold titer rises were detected with both antigens. With postvaccine sera, the MDCK-derived antigen gave GMTs that were threefold higher than those obtained with egg-derived antigen in both the HI and neutralization tests and both antigens detected an equivalent number of fourfold titer rises in HI and neutralization tests. Sucrose gradient-fractionated egg-derived antigen showed a single peak of hemagglutinin activity corresponding to whole virions, whereas MDCK-derived antigen contained two distinct peaks of hemagglutinin activity, one of which had a lower sedimentation rate. The overall findings indicate that the egg-derived antigen in the vaccine induced HI and neutralizing antibody to both egg- and MDCK-derived variants and suggest that titers of antibody to MDCK-derived virus may be affected by the physical form of the hemagglutinin antigen.