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. 2021 Jan 12;11(1):688.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79991-8.

Double transition metal MXene (TixTa4-xC3) 2D materials as anodes for Li-ion batteries

Ravuri Syamsai  1 , Jassiel R Rodriguez  2 , Vilas G Pol  3 , Quyet Van Le  4 , Khalid Mujasam Batoo  5 , Syed Farooq Adil  6 , Saravanan Pandiaraj  7 , M R Muthumareeswaran  8 , Emad H Raslan  9 , Andrews Nirmala Grace  10
Affiliations

Double transition metal MXene (TixTa4-xC3) 2D materials as anodes for Li-ion batteries

Ravuri Syamsai et al. Sci Rep. .

Erratum in

Abstract

A bi-metallic titanium-tantalum carbide MXene, TixTa(4-x)C3 is successfully prepared via etching of Al atoms from parent TixTa(4-x)AlC3 MAX phase for the first time. X-ray diffractometer and Raman spectroscopic analysis proved the crystalline phase evolution from the MAX phase to the lamellar MXene arrangements. Also, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study confirmed that the synthesized MXene is free from Al after hydro fluoric acid (HF) etching process as well as partial oxidation of Ti and Ta. Moreover, the FE-SEM and TEM characterizations demonstrate the exfoliation process tailored by the TixTa(4-x)C3 MXene after the Al atoms from its corresponding MAX TixTa(4-x)AlC3 phase, promoting its structural delamination with an expanded interlayer d-spacing, which can allow an effective reversible Li-ion storage. The lamellar TixTa(4-x)C3 MXene demonstrated a reversible specific discharge capacity of 459 mAhg-1 at an applied C-rate of 0.5 °C with a capacity retention of 97% over 200 cycles. An excellent electrochemical redox performance is attributed to the formation of a stable, promising bi-metallic MXene material, which stores Li-ions on the surface of its layers. Furthermore, the TixTa(4-x)C3 MXene anode demonstrate a high rate capability as a result of its good electron and Li-ion transport, suggesting that it is a promising candidate as Li-ion anode material.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) A schematic illustration of the method followed to prepare bi-metallic TixTa(4−x)C3 MXene, (b) MXene working electrode and its respective coin cell; tests of (c) open circuity voltage and (d) LED emitting white light using our MXene half-cell.
Figure 2
Figure 2
X-ray diffraction pattern of the titanium and tantalum alloy.
Figure 3
Figure 3
X-Ray Diffraction pattern of the synthesized bi-metallic (a) TixTa(4–x)AlC3 MAX phase, red color; and (b) TixTa(4−x)C3 MXene, blue color.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Full scan survey and deconvoluted XPS spectra of the synthesized bi-metal TixTa(4−x)C3 (a) full scan survey of the synthesized MXene (b) deconvoluted spectrum of Ti, (c) deconvoluted spectrum of Ta, (d) deconvoluted spectrum of C.
Figure 5
Figure 5
FE-SEM images of bi-metallic (a–c) TixTa(4−x)AlC3 MAX phase and (d–f) TixTa(4−x)C3 MXene at various magnifications.
Figure 6
Figure 6
TEM micrographs of the bi-metallic TixTa(4−x)AlC3 MAX phase (a–f) and TixTa(4−x)C3 MXene (g–l).
Figure 7
Figure 7
TGA behavior of the bi-metallic TixTa(4−x)AlC3 MAX phase (Red) and TixTa(4−x)C3 MXene (blue).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Electrochemical cycling performance of the MXene sample, TixTa(4−x)C3: (a) (dis)charge profiles at cycle 1st, 2nd and 200th, (b) cycle performance after 200 cycles at C-rate of 0.5 °C.
Figure 9
Figure 9
(a) EIS data before and after 200 cycles and (b) rate capability test.
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