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Review
. 2020 Oct 29;7(2):FSO648.
doi: 10.2144/fsoa-2020-0142.

Immunomodulatory potential of anti-idiotypic antibodies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases

Shing Yi Pan  1   2   3 , Yvonne Cashinn Chia  2   3 , Hui Rong Yee  2   3 , Angelina Ying Fang Cheng  2   3 , Clarice Evey Anjum  2   3 , Yenny Kenisi  2   3 , Mike Ks Chan  1   2   3 , Michelle Bf Wong  1   2   3
Affiliations
Review

Immunomodulatory potential of anti-idiotypic antibodies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases

Shing Yi Pan et al. Future Sci OA. .

Abstract

The immune system is a complex network of specialized cells and organs that recognises and reacts against foreign pathogens while remaining unresponsive to host tissues. This ability to self-tolerate is known as immunological tolerance. Autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system fails to differentiate between self and non-self antigens and releases autoantibodies to attack our own cells. Anti-idiotypic (anti-ID) antibodies are important in maintaining a balanced idiotypic regulatory network by neutralising and inhibiting the secretion of autoantibodies. Recently, anti-ID antibodies have been advanced as an alternative form of immunotherapy as they can specifically target autoantibodies, cause less toxicity and side effects, and could provide long-lasting immunity. This review article discusses the immunomodulatory potential of anti-ID antibodies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

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Conflict of interest statement

Financial & competing interests disclosure This review article was self supported by Baden Research & Testing Lab. The authors are employees of the mentioned affiliations. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. The idiotypic network theory.
The presence of an antigenic determinant or epitope stimulate the production of Ab1 thus introduce the production of Ab2, which are classified as Ab2α, Ab2β or Ab2γ. Ab2α is directed to the idiotope of Ab1; Ab2β carry the internal image binding to antigen epitope and is directed to the paratope of Ab1; Ab2γ is directed to the near antigen epitope-binding site idiotope of Ab1.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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