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Review
. 2020 Oct 13;10(4):174-188.
doi: 10.4103/ajm.ajm_53_20. eCollection 2020 Oct-Dec.

Pathophysiology of diabetes: An overview

Mujeeb Z Banday  1 , Aga S Sameer  2 , Saniya Nissar  1
Affiliations
Review

Pathophysiology of diabetes: An overview

Mujeeb Z Banday et al. Avicenna J Med. .

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic heterogeneous metabolic disorder with complex pathogenesis. It is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels or hyperglycemia, which results from abnormalities in either insulin secretion or insulin action or both. Hyperglycemia manifests in various forms with a varied presentation and results in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolic dysfunctions. Long-term hyperglycemia often leads to various microvascular and macrovascular diabetic complications, which are mainly responsible for diabetes-associated morbidity and mortality. Hyperglycemia serves as the primary biomarker for the diagnosis of diabetes as well. In this review, we would be focusing on the classification of diabetes and its pathophysiology including that of its various types.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; endocrinopathies; gestational diabetes; maturity-onset diabetes of the young; neonatal diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The contributing authors have no financial or nonfinancial competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Four types of diabetes mellitus
Figure 2
Figure 2
Some of the main risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Figure 3
Figure 3
Types of maturity-onset diabetes of the young and their alternative names based on genes involved
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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