A comprehensive review of COVID-19 in India: A frequent catch of the information

Abstract

The arrival of novel health crisis by a novel member of coronavirus group named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by World Health Organization took the whole world in global emergency by affecting 206 countries. The virus infects 206 countries with 86,839,226 confirmed cases, 61,565,949 recoveries, and 1,876,243 deaths as on January 6, 2021. Evidence pointed out the fact that virus might first originated in bats in China and it took only 2 months to spread over almost every country of the world. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to beta coronavirus and is enveloped, positive sense, and single-stranded RNA virus. The treatment would be difficult as SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus and thus the mutation rate is higher in comparison with the DNA viruses. The virus infection also leads to generation of effective protective immune response of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and so on that may help in virus elimination. The speed of the global spread of the current pandemic is of major concern and it has created a significant threat to economic and human health across the world. In India, the infection spreads with an infection and fatality rates of the disease are 1.7% and 2.8%, respectively. By this review, we want to emphasize the actual situation and major factors associated with COVID-19 pandemic, its significance, destructions, important findings, treatments, and preventive measures taken by all nations to provide better cure without having much loss.

Keywords: COVID-19; India; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; pandemic.

FIG 1

Total number of incidence cases: countries, areas, and territories with total number of incidences till January 6, 2021.

FIG 2

Protective effect of host immune system in novel coronavirus infection: interaction between virus particle and host cell occurs at the receptor Ace2 after a normal person meets the infected person. After recognition of the spike protein, virus membrane is fused with host cellular membrane, which then enclose virus in a double membrane vesicle. After this stage, the virus either bursts the vesicle and releases its progeny in case of immunocompromised person (A) or it can activate a protective immune response of cytokines and lymphocytes in normal person, which causes inflammation or favors virus removal (B).