Cardiac 123I-MIBG planar heart to mediastinum ratios depend on patient size; phantom studies suggest SPECT-CT could improve quantification

Abstract

Introduction: Planar ¹²³I-MIBG (meta-iodobenzylguanidine) cardiac imaging is listed as an indicative biomarker in the 2017 international consensus criteria for the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies. There has been very little research into the relationship between apparent cardiac uptake and patient size, or in the possible advantage of attenuation and scatter corrected SPECT-CT compared to planar imaging. We aimed to evaluate this in both a chest phantom and in older adults with normal cognition.

Materials and methods: An anthropomorphic chest phantom was filled with ¹²³I solution using activities typical of healthy subjects. The phantom was scanned on a Siemens Intevo gamma camera with MELP collimators using both planar and SPECT-CT techniques. Further scans were acquired with a PMMA chest plate added, then water filled plastic breasts. The SPECT-CT images were reconstructed using a resolution recovery OSEM method with and without attenuation and scatter correction (ACSC) applied. Twenty-nine adults over 60 years of age (mean 75.2 ± 8.3 years) underwent planar cardiac MIBG imaging, followed by SPECT-CT. SPECT images were reconstructed as above. Heart-to-mediastinum ratios (HMRs) were calculated for planar and SPECT images.

Results: Phantom planar HMR decreased by 20% with the PMMA chest plate added; 39% with plate and breasts. ACSC SPECT cardiac counts showed less dependence on phantom size than SPECT without ACSC (3% versus 37%). The body mass indices (BMI) of the older adults ranged from 22 to 38. There was a significant linear relationship between planar HMR and BMI (R² = 0.44, p<0.01), but not for ACSC SPECT. However, there was no significant difference between the slopes for planar and ACSC SPECT (p = 0.11).

Conclusion: Planar cardiac ¹²³I-MIBG HMR results are correlated with BMI. Phantom results suggest that ACSC SPECT can correct for patient size. A large patient population or clinical database would be required to demonstrate a clinical effect.